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See also: NIXON, See also:JOHN (1815–1899) , See also:English See also:mining engineer and colliery proprietor, was See also:born at See also:Barlow, See also:Durham, on the loth of May 1815, the son of a See also:farmer. He was educated at the See also:village school, and at an See also:academy in See also:Newcastle-on-See also:Tyne, where he distinguished himself in See also:mathematics. Leaving school at fourteen, he worked on his See also:father's See also:farm for two years, and then apprenticed himself to Mr See also:Joseph See also:- GRAY
- GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
- GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
- GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
- GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
- GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
- GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
- GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
- GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
- GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
- GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
- GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
- GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)
Gray, one of the leading mining See also:engineers in the See also:north of See also:England, and See also:agent to the second See also:marquis of See also:Bute; subsequently he obtained employment as " overman " at one of the Bute collieries in Durham. In 1839 an See also:advertisement See also:drew him to the See also:South See also:Wales coalfield, where he was engaged in mine-See also:surveying, and whence he proceeded to See also:France as engineer to a See also:coal and See also:iron See also:company. Returning to England, he noticed while travelling on one of the See also:Thames steamers that the Welsh coal in use gave off no See also:smoke and was preferred to north See also:country coal both on this ground and because of its greater See also:power-producing efficiency. His experience in France now suggested to him that a profitable See also:market for this coal might be established among the See also:French iron-founders and manufacturers generally who had hitherto imported English north country coal. For some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he was unable to procure any of this See also:special Welsh coal. Eventually, however, by expending all his small savings he secured a See also:cargo, freighted a small See also:craft, and sent it across to See also:Nantes, where with some difficulty he persuaded the See also:local manufacturers to try it on the understanding that he See also:bore the expense of the experiments. These tests, carried out under Nixon's See also:personal directions, proved highly successful, and in due course the French See also:government gave him a See also:contract for Welsh coal for the French See also:navy. Nixon's visit to Nantes laid the See also:foundations of the Welsh See also:steam-coal See also:trade, English manufacturers and shipowners imitating the example of their French rivals. At first Nixon only sold the coal on See also:commission, but eventually acquired what appeared to him a prospective See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field for steam-coal in the See also:Aberdare valley, and after seven years' working at last struck a See also:rich seam. This See also:property is now known as Nixon's See also:Navigation Collieries. Nixon subsequently acquired or See also: developed other South Wales steam collieries, which yielded him a considerable See also:fortune. He was also the inventor of many See also:mechanical improvements in colliery working. He died in See also:London on the 3rd of See also:June 1899.
See J. E. See also:Vincent, John Nixon, See also:Pioneer of the Steam Coal Trade in South Wales (London, 190o).
End of Article: NIXON, JOHN (1815–1899)
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