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See also:PRISCILLIAN (d. 385) , See also:Spanish theologian and the founder of a party which, in spite of severe persecution for See also:heresy, continued to subsist in See also:Spain and in See also:Gaul until after the See also:middle of the 6th See also:century. He was a wealthy layman who had devoted his See also:life to a study of the occult sciences and the deeper problems of See also:philosophy. He was largely a mystic and regarded the See also:Christian
life as continual intercourse with See also:God. His favourite See also:idea is that which St See also:Paul had expressed in the words " Know ye not that ye are the See also:temple of God?" and he argued that to make himself a See also:fit habitation for the divine a See also:man must, besides holding the See also:Catholic faith and doing See also:works of love, renounce See also:marriage and earthly See also:honour, and practise a hard See also:asceticism. It was on the question of continence in, if not renunciation of, marriage, that he came into conflict with the authorities. Priscillian and his sympathizers, who were organized into bands of spiritales and abstinentes, like the Cathari of later days, indignantly refused the See also:compromise which by this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church had established in the See also:matter (see MARRIAGE: See also:Canon See also:Law). This explains the See also:charge of See also:Manichaeism levelled against Priscillian (See also:Jerome, for his talk of the Sordes nuptiarum, had been similarly accused, and to See also:- ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli
escape popular indignation had retired to See also:Bethlehem),' and to this was added the See also:accusation of magic and licentious orgies. Among the more prominent of Priscillian's See also:friends were two bishops, named Instantius and Salvianus, and See also:Hyginus of See also:Cordova also joined the party; but, through the exertions of Idacius of Emerita, the leading Priscillianists, who had failed to appear before the See also:synod of Spanish and Aquitanian bishops to which they had been summoned, were excommunicated at See also:Saragossa in See also:October 380. Meanwhile, however, Priscillian was made See also:bishop of See also:Avila, and the orthodox party found it necessary to See also:appeal to the See also:emperor (See also:Gratian), who issued an See also:edict threatening the sectarian leaders with banishment. Priscillian, Instantius and Salvianus succeeded, however, in procuring the withdrawal of Gratian's edict, and the attempted See also:arrest of Ithacius of Ossonuba. On the See also:murder of Gratian and See also:accession of See also:Maximus (383) Ithacius fled to Treves, and in consequence of his representations a synod was held (384) at See also:Bordeaux, where Instantius was deposed. Priscillian appealed to the emperor, with the unexpected result that with six of his companions he was burned alive at Treves in 385. The first instance of the application of the Theodosian law against heretics had the approval of the synod which met at Treves in the same See also:year, but See also:Ambrose of See also:Milan and See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin of See also:Tours can claim the See also:glory of having in some measure stayed the See also:hand of persecution. The heresy, notwithstanding the severe See also:measures taken against it, continued to spread in See also:France as well as in Spain; in 412 See also:Lazarus, bishop of See also:Aix in See also:Provence, and See also:Herod, bishop of See also:Arles, were expelled from their See also:sees on a charge of Manichaeism. Proculus, the See also:metropolitan of See also:Marseilles, and the metropolitans of See also:Vienne and Narbonensis Secunda were also followers of the rigorous tradition for which Priscillian had died. Something was done for its repression by a synod held by Turibius of See also:Astorga in 446, and by that of See also:Toledo in 447; as an openly professed creed it wholly disappeared after the second synod of See also:Braga in 563. " The See also:official church," says F. C. See also:Conybeare, " had to respect the ascetic spirit to the extent of enjoining See also:celibacy upon its priests, and of recognizing, or rather immuring, such of the laity as desired to live out the old ascetic ideal. But the official teaching of See also:Rome would not allow it to be the ideal and See also:duty of every Christian. Priscillian perished for insisting that it was such; and seven centuries later the Church began to See also:burr, the Cathari by thousands because they took a similar view of the Christian life."
The See also:long prevalent estimation of Priscillian as a heretic and Manichaean rested upon See also:Augustine, Turibius of Astorga, See also:Leo the See also:Great and See also:Orosius, although at the See also:Council of Toledo in 400, fifteen years after Priscillian's See also:death, when his See also:case was reviewed, the most serious charge that could be brought was the See also:error of See also:language involved in rendering ayivnros by innascibilis. It was long thought that all the writings of the " heretic " himself had perished, but in 1885, G. Schepss discovered at Wiirzburg eleven genuine tracts, since published in the See also:Vienna Corpus. " They contain nothing that is not orthodox and See also:commonplace,
'Cf. the outbreak at Rome in 384 against the See also:gymnosophists, emaciated monks who walked the streets and vehemently denounced marriage. The epistles of See also:Pope See also:Siricius (who wished to stand well with the See also:people) are full of scorn for these ascetics, and the Leonine sacramentary contains prayers which severely denounce them.611
nothing that Jerome might not have written," and go far to justify the description of Priscillian as " the first See also:martyr burned by a Spanish See also:Inquisition."
See E. Ch. Babut, Priscillian et he Priscillianisme (See also:Paris, 1909 j.
A.
End of Article: PRISCILLIAN (d. 385)
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