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PTOLEMIES , a See also:dynasty of Macedonian See also:kings who ruled in See also:Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C.
The founder, See also:PTOLEMY (IIroXeµacor), son of
Lagus, a Macedonian nobleman of Eordaea, was
one of See also:Alexander the See also:Great's most trusted
generals, and among the seven " See also:body-See also:guards " attached to his
See also:person. He plays a See also:principal See also:part in the later See also:campaigns of
Alexander in See also:Afghanistan and See also:India. At the See also:Susa See also:marriage
festival in 324 Alexander caused him to marry the See also:Persian
princess Artacama; but there is no further mention of
this See also:Asiatic See also:- BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)
bride in the See also:history of Ptolemy. When Alexander
died in 323 the resettlement of the See also:empire at See also:Babylon is said
to have been made at Ptolemy's instigation. At any See also:rate he
was now appointed See also:- SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr
satrap of Egypt under the nominal kings
See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip Arrhidaeus and the See also:young Alexander. He at once took a
high See also:hand in the See also:province by killing Cleomenes, the See also:financial
controller appointed by Alexander the Great; he also subju-
gated See also:Cyrenaica. He contrived to get See also:possession of Alexander's
body which was to be interred with great pomp by the imperial
See also:government and placed it temporarily in See also:Memphis. This See also:act led
to an open rupture between Ptolemy and the imperial See also:regent
See also:Perdiccas. But Perdiccas perished in the See also:attempt to invade
Egypt '(321). In the See also:long See also:wars between the different Macedonian
chiefs which followed, Ptolemy's first See also:object is to hold his posi-
tion in Egypt securely, and secondly to possess the Cyrenaica,
See also:Cyprus and See also:Palestine (Coele-See also:Syria). His first occupation of
Palestine was in 318, and he established at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time a
See also:protectorate over the See also:petty kings of Cyprus. When Antigonus,
See also:master of See also:Asia in 315, showed dangerous ambitions, Ptolemy
joined the See also:coalition against him, and, on the outbreak of See also:war,
evacuated Palestine. In Cyprus he fought the 'partisans of
Antigonus and reconquered the See also:island (313). A revolt of See also:Cyrene
was crushed in the same See also:year. In 312 Ptolemy, with Seleucus;
the fugitive satrap of Babylonia, invaded' Palestine and See also:beat
See also:Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, in the great See also:battle of See also:Gaza.
Again he occupied Palestine, and again a few months later,
after Demetrius had won a battle over his See also:general and Antigonus
entered Syria in force, he evacuated it. In 311 a See also:peace was
concluded between the combatants, soon after which the
surviving See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king Alexander was murdered in See also:Macedonia, leaving
the satrap of Egypt absolutely his own master. The peace did
not last long, and in 309 Ptolemy commanded a See also:fleet in person
which detached the See also:coast towns of See also:Lycia and See also:Caria from See also:Anti-
gonus and crossed to See also:Greece, where Ptolemy took possession
of See also:Corinth, See also:Sicyon and See also:Megara (308). In 306 a great fleet under
Demetrius attacked Cyprus, and Ptolemy's See also:brother, See also:Menelaus,
was defeated and captured in the decisive battle of See also:Salamis.
The See also:complete loss of Cyprus followed. Antigonus and Demetrius
Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus: restoration by O. C. See also:Marsh, showing extent of flying membranes.—Upper See also:Jurassic (Lithographic See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone); See also:Bavaria.
now assumed the See also:title of kings; Ptolemy, as well as See also:Cassander, See also:Lysimachus and Seleucus, answered this See also:challenge by doing the same. In the See also:winter (306-5) Antigonus tried to follow up the victory of Cyprus by invading Egypt, but here Ptolemy was strong, and held the frontier successfully against him. Ptolemy led no further expedition against Antigonus overseas. To the Rhodians, besieged by Demetrius (3o5-4), he sent such help as won him divine honours in See also:Rhodes and the surname of Soler (" saviour "). When the coalition was renewed against Antigonus in 302, Ptolemy joined it, and invaded Palestine a third time, whilst Antigonus was engaged with Lysimachus in Asia See also:Minor. On a See also:report that Antigonus had won a decisive victory, for a third time he evacuated the See also:country. But when See also:news came that Antigonus had been defeated and slain at Ipsus (3o1) by Lysimachus and Seleucus, Ptolemy occupied Palestine for the See also:fourth time. The other members of the coalition had assigned Palestine to Seleucus after what they regarded as Ptolemy's See also:desertion, and for the next See also:hundred years the question of its ownership becomes the See also:standing ground of enmity between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic dynasties. Henceforth, Ptolemy seems to have mingled as little as possible in the broils of Asia Minor and Greece; his possessions in Greece he did not retain, but Cyprus he reconquered in 295-4. Cyrene, after a See also:series of rebellions, was finally subjugated about 300 and placed under his stepson Magas (Beloch, Griech. Gesch. p. 134 seq.). In 285 he abdicated in favour of one of his younger sons by See also:Berenice (q.v.), who See also:bore his See also:father's name of Ptolemy; his eldest (legitimate) son, Ptolemy Ceraunus, whose See also:mother, See also:Eurydice, the daughter of See also:Antipater, had been repudiated, fled to the See also:court of Lysimachus. Ptolemy I. See also:Soter died in 283 at the See also:age of 84. Shrewd and cautious, he had a compact and well-ordered See also:realm to show at the end of fifty years of wars. His name for bonhomie and liberality attached the floating soldier-class of Macedonians and Greeks to his service. Nor did he neglect conciliation of the natives. He was a ready See also:patron of letters, and the great library, which was See also:Alexandria's See also:glory, owed to him its inception. He wrote himself a history of Alexander's campaigns, distinguished by its straightforward honesty and sobriety.
End of Article: PTOLEMIES
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