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See also:SUBIACO (anc. Sublaqueum) , a See also:town of See also:Italy, in the See also:province of See also:Rome, from which it is 47 M. E. by See also:rail, picturesquely situated on the right See also:bank of the Anio, 1339 ft. above See also:sea-level. Pop. (1901), 7076 (town), 8003 (See also:commune). It has ironworks and See also:paper-See also:mills. Sublaqueum was so called from its position under the three artificial lakes constructed in the See also:gorge of the Anio in connexion with the See also:aqueduct of the Anio Novus,'which had its intake at the See also:lower end of the lowest of them (the Simbruina stagna of See also:Tacitus). On the See also:banks of this See also:lake See also:Nero constructed a See also:villa, in the remains of which was found the beautiful See also:head-less statue of a youth kneeling, now in the Museo delle Terme at Rome. There is no mention of the villa after Nero's See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. The lakes gradually ceased to exist owing to the See also:action of the Anio, the last See also:dam being washed away in 1305. In 494 St See also:Benedict retired to this spot, then already deserted, and took up his See also:abode as a See also:hermit in a See also:cave (Sacro Speco) above the lakes of the Anio. In 505, probably, he founded the first of his twelve monasteries, completing their number between 510 and 529, when he went to Cassino. The See also:chronicles See also:state that the See also:principal monastery was devastated by the See also:Lombards in 6o,, and rebuilt in 705; but there is little See also:foundation for these statements. The first See also:authentic document that we have is the mention in the See also:Leber pontificalis of the See also:gift of See also:vestments by See also:Leo IV. (847-855) to the monastery of S. See also:Silvester, S. Benedict and S. Scholastica, and to the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of SS. See also:Cosmas and Damian. The former is probably that at the Sacro Speco. The monastery was confirmed in its possessions by See also:Pope See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory I.1 and his successors, and had by the loth See also:century very considerable landed properties with feudal See also:jurisdiction enumerated in several documents, the first dating from 926, and an inscription of 1052 (cf. Regesto sublacense, Rome, 1891). The church dedicated to S. Scholastica, S. Benedict's See also:sister, was erected in 981, according to an inscription belonging to a later date, but carved upon a slab decorated with reliefs of the end of the 8th, or the beginning of the 9th, century.
In 1053 the church was restored and a campanile built, which still exists; and in the See also:middle of the 13th century the church was rebuilt in the See also:Gothic See also:style. Other buildings See also:grew up See also:round it; the See also:cloister on the right is a See also:fine Romanesque arcaded See also:court with See also:twisted columns and mosaics, the See also:south See also:side of which was constructed by Lorenzo, the first of the See also:family of the See also:Cosmati, See also:early in the 13th century, while the other three sides are due to his son Jacopo and to Jacopo's sons Luca and Jacopo, who worked here in the time of the See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot Lando (1227-1243). The irregular See also:atrium in front of the church is probably contemporary with its reconstruction in the Gothic style about 1274, while the See also:outer court See also:dates from the end of the 16th century. The church, with the exception of the campanile, was modernized in 1771-1777. The right of the monks to elect their own abbot, who had by that time obtained a position of See also:great importance, was cancelled in 1388, and in 1455 the abbot was suspended, and the See also:administration handed over to the See also:Spanish See also:cardinal, Giovanni See also:Torquemada. For the whole of the 16th century it was in the hands of the See also:Colonna family, who were commendatories of it. During the 17th century, the See also:Barberini held it, but in 1753 Benedict XIV. separated the spiritual and temporal dominions, placing the latter under officials directly dependent on the papacy. The commendatories were as a See also:rule cardinals. As regards monastic discipline, the See also:abbey had since 1514 been subject to the rule of See also:Monte Cassino, and it was only in 1872 that it regained from
1 The See also:bull of 596 attributed to him is, however, now recognized as apocryphal.
See also:Pius IX. its See also:independence and became an autonomous See also:congregation. See also:Arnold Pannartz and See also:Conrad Schweinheim, two See also:German ecclesiastics, set up here the first See also:printing See also:press in Italy, issuing an edition of See also:Donatus (1465), followed by one of See also:Cicero (1465) and of Lactantius (1465). Copies of the Lactantius, of the See also:Augustine of 1467, which was probably printed not here but in Rome, whither the printers migrated in that See also:year, and of other rare See also:incunabula are still preserved here. Still more interesting is the monastery of the Sacro Speco, higher up the See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill, dating, it would seem, from the 9th century, though little earlier than the 13th remains. The Grotta dei Pastori contains some frescoes of the 9th century, while the Sacro Speco, or cave of St Benedict, contains frescoes of the 13th, and so does the lower church, the latter having been decorated in the first twenty years of the r3th century, and in See also:part repainted in the latter See also:half of the same century by an otherwise unknown See also:master Conxolus. The upper'church contains scenes from the See also:life of See also:Christ by an unknown Sienese master of the end of the 14th century, to whom is also attributable a remarkable See also:fresco of the See also:triumph of See also:death, on the stairs from the See also:tower church to the Cappella dei Pastori, and some 15th-century See also:work, and in the See also:chapel of S. Gregory a remarkable portrait of St See also:Francis of See also:Assisi (who was perhaps here in 1218), probably painted before 1228, as it lacks the See also:halo and the stigmata. The whole See also:group of buildings is constructed against the rocky sides of the gorge, part of it on massive substructions. The town contains various buildings constructed by Pius VI., who as cardinal was commendatory abbot of Subiaco. It is crowned by a See also:medieval See also:castle constructed originally by Gregory VII.
See P. Egidi, G. Giovannoni, F. Hermanin, V. See also:Federici, I Monasteri di Subiaco (Rome, 1904); A. Colasanti, L'Aniene (See also:Bergamo, 1906). (T.
End of Article: SUBIACO (anc. Sublaqueum)
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