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ALEXANDER II

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 563 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ALEXANDER II . (1198-1249), See also:king of See also:Scotland, son of See also:William the See also:Lion and Ermengarde of See also:Beaumont, was See also:born at See also:Haddington in 1198, and succeeded to the See also:kingdom on the See also:death of his See also:father in 1214. The See also:year after his See also:accession the clans MacWilliam and MacHeth, inveterate enemies of the Scottish See also:crown, See also:broke into revolt; but the insurrection was speedily quelled. In the same year Alexander joined the See also:English barons in their struggle against See also:John, and led an See also:army into See also:England in support of their cause; but on the conclusion of See also:peace after John's death between his youthful son See also:Henry III. and the See also:French See also:prince See also:Louis, the Scottish king was included in the pacification. The reconciliation thus effected was further strengthened by the See also:marriage of Alexander to Henry's See also:sister See also:Joanna in 1221. The next year was marked by the subjection of the hitherto semi-See also:independent See also:district of See also:Argyll. A revolt in See also:Galloway in 1235 was crushed without difficulty; nor did an invasion attempted soon after-wards by its exiled leaders meet with any better See also:fortune. Soon afterwards a claim for See also:homage from Henry of England See also:drew forth from Alexander a See also:counter-claim to the See also:northern English counties. The dispute, however, was settled by a See also:compromise in 1237. A See also:threat of invasion by Henry in 1243 for a See also:time interrupted the friendly relations between the two countries; but the prompt See also:action of Alexander in anticipating his attack,and the disinclination of the English barons for See also:war, compelled him to make peace next year at See also:Newcastle. Alexander now turned his See also:attention to securing the Western Isles, which still owned a nominal dependence on See also:Norway. Negotiations and See also:purchase were successively tried but without success.

Alexander next attempted to seduce Ewen, the son of See also:

Duncan, See also:lord of Argyll, from his See also:allegiance to the See also:Norwegian king. Ewen refused his overtures, and Alexander sailed forth to compel him. But on the way he was seized with See also:fever at Kerrera, and died there on the 8th of See also:July 1249.

End of Article: ALEXANDER II

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