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See also:BAUDELAIRE, See also:CHARLES See also:PIERRE (1821-1867) , See also:French poet, was See also:born in See also:Paris on the 9th of See also:April 1821. His See also:father, who was a See also:civil servant in See also:good position and an See also:amateur artist, died in 1827, and in the following See also:year his See also:mother married a See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel named Aupick, who was afterwards See also:ambassador of See also:France at various courts. Baudelaire was educated at See also:Lyons and at the See also:College See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis-le--See also:Grand in Paris. On taking his degree in 1839 he determined to enter on a See also:literary career, and during the next two years pursued a very irregular way of See also:life, which led his
guardians, in 184r; to send him on a voyage to See also:India. When he returned to Paris, after less than a year's See also:absence, he was of See also:age; but in a year or two his extravagance threatened to exhaust his small patrimony, and his See also:family obtained a See also:decree to See also:place his See also:property in See also:trust. His salons of 1845 and 1846 attracted immediate See also:attention by the boldness with which he propounded many views then novel, but since generally accepted. He took See also:part with the revolutionaries in 1848, and for some years interested himself in republican politi but his permanent convictions were aristocratic and See also:Catholic. Baudelaire was a slow and fastidious worker, and it was not until 1857 that he produced his first and famous See also:volume of poems, Fleurs du mal. Some of these had already appeared in the Revue See also:des deux mondes when they were published by Baudelaire's friend Auguste Poulet Malassis, who had inherited a See also:printing business at See also:Alencon. The consummate See also:art displayed in these verses was appreciated by a limited public, but See also:general attention was caught by the perverse selection of morbid subjects, and the See also:book became a by-word for unwholesomeness among conventional critics. See also:Victor See also:Hugo, See also:writing to the poet, said, " See also:Vous dotez le ciel de fart d'un rayon See also:macabre, vous creez un frisson nouveau." Baudelaire, the publisher, and the printer were successfully prosecuted for offending against public morals. The See also:obnoxious pieces were suppressed, but printed later as See also:Les Epaves (See also:Brussels, 1866).
Another edition of the Fleurs du mal, without these poems, but with considerable additions, appeared in 1861.
Baudelaire had learnt See also:English in his childhood, and had found some of his favourite See also:reading in the English " Satanic " romances, such as See also:Lewis's See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
Monk. In 1846–1847 he became acquainted with the See also:works of See also:Edgar See also:Allan See also:Poe, in which he discovered romances and poems which had, he said, See also:long existed in his own See also:brain, but had never taken shape. From this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time till 1865 he was largely occupied with his version of Poe's works, producing masterpieces of the art of See also:translation in Histoires extraordinaires (1852), Nouvelles Histoires extraordinaires (1857), Adventures d' See also:Arthur See also:Gordon See also:Pym, See also:Eureka, and Histoires grotesques et See also:ser ieuses (1865). Two essays on Poe are to be found in his tEuvres completes (vols. v. and vi.). Meanwhile his See also:financial difficulties See also:grew upon him. He was involved in the failure of Poulet Malassis in 1861, and in 1864 he See also:left Paris for See also:Belgium, partly in the vain See also:hope of disposing of his copyrights. He had for many years a liaison with a coloured woman, whom he helped to the end of his life in spite of her See also:gross conduct. He had recourse to See also:opium, and in Brussels he began to drink to excess. See also:Paralysis followed, and the last two years of his life were spent in nzaisons de saute in Brussels and in Paris, where he died on the 31st of See also:August 1867.
His other works include:—Petits Fames en See also:prose; a See also:series of art criticisms published in the Pays, Exposition universelle; studies on Gustave See also:Flaubert (in L'artiste, 18th of See also:October 1857); on See also:Theophile See also:Gautier (Revue contemparaine; See also:September 1858); valuable notices contributed to See also:Eugene Crepet's Pates See also:francais; Les Paradis artificiels opium et haschisch (186o) ; See also:Richard See also:Wagner et Tannhduser d Paris (1860; Un Dernier Chapitre do l' histoire des (euvres de See also:Balzac (188o), originally an See also:article entitled " Comment on paye ses dettes quand on a du genie," in which his See also:criticism is turned against his See also:friends H. de Balzac, Theophile Gautier, and See also:Gerard de See also:Nerval.
Essais de bibliographie contemparaine; essays by See also:Paul See also:Bourget, Essais de psychologie contemporaine (1883), and See also:Maurice Spronck, Les Artistes litteraires (1889).
Among English See also:translations from Baudela ire are Poems in Prose, by A. See also:Symons (1905), and a selection for the See also:Canterbury Poets (1904), by F. P. See also:Sturm.
End of Article: BAUDELAIRE, CHARLES PIERRE (1821-1867)
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