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See also:BELSHAM, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS (1750-1829) , See also:English Unitarian See also:minister, was See also:born at See also:Bedford on the 26th of See also:April 1750. He was educated at the dissenting See also:academy at See also:Daventry, where for seven years he acted as assistant See also:tutor. After three years spent in a See also:charge at See also:Worcester, he returned as See also:head of the Daventry academy, a See also:post which he continued to hold till 1789, when, having adopted
Unitarian principles, he resigned. With See also:Joseph Priestly for colleague, he superintended during its brief existence a new See also:college at See also:Hackney, and was, on Priestly's departure in 1794, also called to the charge of the See also:Gravel See also:- PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)
Pit See also:congregation. In 1805 he accepted a See also:call to the See also:Essex See also:Street See also:chapel, where in gradually failing See also:health he remained till his See also:death in 1829. Belsham's first See also:work of importance, See also:Review of Mr See also:Wilberforce's See also:Treatise entitled See also:Practical View (1798), was written after his See also:conversion to See also:Unitarianism. His most popular work was the Evidences of See also:Christianity; the most important was his See also:translation and exposition of the Epistles of St See also:Paul (1822). He was also the author of a work on See also:philosophy, Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind (18o,), which is entirely based on See also:Hartley's See also:psychology. Belsham is one of the most vigorous and able writers of his See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, and the Quarterly Review and See also:Gentleman's See also:Magazine of the See also:early years of the 19th See also:century abound in evidences that his abilities were recognized by his opponents.
BELSHAllAR (6th century B.C.), Babylonian See also:general. Until the decipherment of the See also:cuneiform See also:inscriptions, he was known only from the See also:book of See also:Daniel (v. 2, 11, 13, 18) and its See also:reproduction in See also:Josephus, where he is represented as the son of See also:Nebuchadrezzar and the last See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Babylon. As his name did not appear in the See also:list of the successors of Nebuchadrezzar handed down by the See also:Greek writers, various suggestions were put forward as to his identity. See also:Niebuhr identified him with Evil-Merodach, See also:Ewald with Nabonidos, others again with Neriglissor. The See also:identification with Nabonidos, the last Babylonian king according to the native historian See also:Berossus, goes back to Josephus. The decipherment of the cuneiform texts put an end to all such speculations. In 1854 See also:Sir H. C. See also:Rawlinson discovered the name of See also:Bel-sarrauzur—" 0 Bel, defend the king "—in an inscription belonging to the first See also:year of Nabonidos which had been discovered in the ruins of the See also:temple of the See also:- MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
- MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)
Moon-See also:god at Muqayyar or Ur. Here Nabonidos calls him his " first-born son," and prays that " he may not give way to See also:sin," but that " the fear of the See also:great divinity " of the Moon-god may " dwell in his See also:heart." In the contracts and similar documents there are frequent references to Belshazzar, who is sometimes entitled simply " the son of the king."
He was never king himself, nor was he son of Nebuchadrezzar Indeed his See also:father Nabonidos (Nabunaid), the son of Nabu baladsu-igbi, was not related to the See also:family of Nebuchadrezzar and owed his See also:accession to the See also:throne to a See also:palace revolution. Belshazzar, however, seems to have had more See also:political and military See also:energy than his father, whose tastes were antiquarian and religious; he took command of the See also:army, living with it in the See also:camp near See also:Sippara, and whatever See also:measures of See also:defence were organized against the invasion of See also:Cyrus appear to have been due to him. Hence Jewish tradition substituted him for his less-known father, and rightly concluded that his death marked the fall of the Babylonian See also:monarchy. We learn from the Babylonian See also:Chronicle that from the 7th year of Nabonidos (548 B.C.) onwards " the son of the king " was with the army in See also:Akkad, that is in the See also:close neighbourhood of Sippara. This, as Dr Th. G. Pinches has pointed out, doubtless accounts for the numerous gifts bestowed by him on the temple of the See also:Sun-god at Sippara. So See also:late as the 5th of Ab in the 17th year of Nabonidos —that is to say, about three See also:weeks after the forces of Cyrus had entered Babylonia and only three months before his death—we find him paying 47 shekels of See also:silver to the temple on behalf of his See also:sister, this being the amount of " tithe " due from her at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. At an earlier See also:period there is frequent mention of his trading transactions which were carried out through his See also:house-steward or See also:agent. Thus in 545 B.C. he See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
lent 20 manehs of silver to a private individual, a See also:Persian by See also:race, on the See also:security of the See also:property of the latter, and a year later his house-steward negotiated a See also:loan of 16 shekels, taking as security the produce of a See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of See also:corn.
The legends of Belshazzar's feast and of the See also:siege and See also:capture of Babylon by Cyrus which have come down to us from the book of Daniel and the Cyropaedia of See also:Xenophon have been shown by the contemporaneous inscriptions to have been a See also:projection
backwards of the re-See also:conquest of the See also:city by See also:Darius Hystaspis. The actual facts were very different. Cyrus had invaded Babylonia from two directions, he himself marching towards the confluence of the See also:Tigris and Diyaleh, while Gobryas, the See also:- SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr
satrap of See also:Kurdistan, led another See also:body of troops along the course of the Adhem. The portion of the Babylonian army to which the See also:protection of the eastern frontier had been entrusted was defeated at Opis on the See also:banks of the Nizallat, and the invaders poured across the Tigris into Babylonia. On the 14th of Tammuz (See also:June), S38 B.C., Nabonidos fled from Sippara, where he had taken his son's See also:place in the camp, and the city surrendered at once to the enemy. Meanwhile Gobryas had been despatched to Babylon, which opened its See also:gates to the invader on the 16th of the See also:month " without combat or See also:battle," and a few days later Nabonidos was dragged from his hiding-place and made a prisoner. According to Berossus he was subsequently appointed See also:governor of Karmania by his conqueror. Belshazzar, however, still held out, and it was probably on this See also:account that Cyrus himself did not arrive at Babylon until nearly four months later, on the 3rd of Marchesvan. On the 1th of that month Gobryas was despatched to put an end to the last semblance of resistance in the See also:country " and the son (?) of the king died." In accordance with the conciliatory policy of Cyrus, a general See also:mourning was proclaimed on account of his death, and this lasted for six days, from the 27th of Adar to the 3rd of Nisan. Unfortunately the See also:character representing the word " son " is indistinct on the tablet which contains the See also:annals of Nabonidos, so that the See also:reading is not absolutely certain. The only other reading possible, however, is " and the king died," and this reading is excluded partly by the fact that Nabonidos afterwards became a Persian satrap, partly by the silence which would otherwise be maintained by the " Annals " in regard to the See also:fate of Belshazzar. Considering how important Belshazzar was politically, and what a prominent place he occupied in the See also:history of the period, such a silence would be hard to explain. His death subsequently to the surrender of Babylon and the capture of Nabonidos, and with it the last native effort to resist the invader, would account for the position he assumed in later tradition and the substitution of his name for that of the actual king.
See Th. G. Pinches, P.S.B.A., May 1884; H. Winckler, Zeitschrift See also:fur Assyriologie, ii. 2, 3 (1887) ; Records of the Past, new See also:series, i. pp. 22-31 (1888) ; A. H. See also:Sayce, The Higher See also:Criticism, pp. 497-537 (1893)• (A. H.
End of Article: BELSHAM, THOMAS (1750-1829)
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