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RAWLINSON, SIR ROBERT (1810—1898)

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 929 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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RAWLINSON, See also:SIR See also:ROBERT (1810—1898) , See also:English engineer and sanitarian, was See also:born at See also:Bristol on the 28th of See also:February 181o. His See also:father was a See also:mason and builder at See also:Chorley, See also:Lancashire, and he himself began his See also:engineering See also:education by working in a stonemason's yard. In 1831 he obtained employment under See also:Jesse See also:Hartley in the engineer's See also:office at the See also:Liverpool docks, and for four years from 1836 he was engaged under Robert See also:Stephenson as assistant See also:resident engineer for the Blisworth See also:section of what is now the See also:London & See also:North-Western See also:main See also:line from London to the North. Returning to Liverpool, he spent some years as assistant-surveyor to the See also:corporation, and then in 1844 accepted an engineering See also:post on the See also:Bridgewater See also:Canal. Three years later he returned to Liverpool, to super-intend the See also:design and construction of the famous See also:brick-arched See also:ceiling in the St See also:George's See also:Hall, in See also:succession to, his friend H. L. See also:Elmes. During this See also:period Rawlinson's reputation as a sanitarian had been growing, and when the Public See also:Health See also:Act was passed in 1848 he was appointed one of the first inspectors under it. He inspected many of the See also:chief towns of See also:England, and his reports on the sanitary conditions he found brought him in many cases into See also:great unpopularity with the -municipal rulers. See also:Early in 1855 popular feeling was so aroused by the See also:waste of See also:life that was going on among the See also:British troops in the See also:Crimea through disease, and by the mismanagement of the See also:campaign, that the See also:Aberdeen See also:ministry was forced to resign. See also:Lord See also:Palmerston, who then became See also:prime See also:minister, sent a sanitary See also:commission, consisting of Rawlinson and two medical members (Dr See also:John See also:Sutherland and Dr H. Gavin), with full See also:powers from the See also:War Office, to do whatever it thought would See also:lead to better hygienic conditions in See also:camp and See also:hospital.

The commission reached See also:

Constantinople in See also:March, and, by insisting on what now seem the most obvious precautions, succeeded within a few See also:weeks in reducing the See also:death-See also:rate in the Levantine hospitals from 42 to 2i%. Passing on to the Crimea, it effected a similar improvement there, and by the end of the See also:year the health of the whole British See also:army in the See also:field was even better than it enjoyed at See also:home. Rawlinson's next great public service, for which he was made C.B. in 1865, was in connexion with the See also:distress caused in Lancashire by the collapse of the See also:cotton-manufacturing See also:industry consequent on the See also:American See also:Civil War. In 1863 it was suggested that, in See also:order to provide employment for the starving operatives, the See also:government should start See also:works of " utility, profit and See also:ornament," and Rawlinson being sent to make an See also:official investigation into the question, reported, after visiting nearly Too towns, that 1Z million See also:sterling might be advantageously expended in providing See also:water-See also:supply and drainage, forming streets, &c., in those places. The result was that the See also:Treasury was authorized to advance £2,200,000 the amount was afterwards increased) at 31% for carrying out such works, which proved of enormous public benefit. In 1866 he acted as chairman of the Royal Commission on the Pollution of See also:Rivers, and a few years later - was appointed chief engineering inspector to the See also:Local Government See also:Board; on retiring from this position in 1888 he was promoted to be K.C.B. In 1894 he served as See also:president of the Institution of Civil See also:Engineers. He died in London on the 31st of May 1898.

End of Article: RAWLINSON, SIR ROBERT (1810—1898)

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