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BISMYA , a See also:group of ruin mounds, about r m. See also:long and z m. wide, consisting of a number of See also:low ridges, nowhere exceeding 40 ft."in height, lying in the Jezireh, somewhat nearer to the See also:Tigris than the See also:Euphrates, about a See also:day's See also:journey to the See also:south-See also:east of See also:Nippur, a little below 32° N. and about 45° 40' E. Excavations conducted here for six months,'from See also:Christmas of 1903 to See also:June 19041 for the university of See also:Chicago, by Dr See also:Edgar J. See also:Banks, proved that these mounds covered the site of the See also:ancient See also:city of Adab (Ud-See also:Nun), hitherto known only from a brief mention of its name in the introduction to the Khammurabi See also:code (c. 2250 B.c.). The city was divided into two parts by a See also:canal, on an See also:island in which stood the See also:temple, E-See also:mach, with a ziggurat, or See also:stage See also:tower. It was evidently once a city of considerable importance, butdeserted at a very See also:early See also:period, since the ruins found See also:close to the See also:surface of the mounds belong to Dungi and Ur Gur, See also:kings of Ur in the earlier See also:part' of the third See also:millennium B.C. Immediately below these, as at Nippur, were found the remains of Naram-See also:Sin and Sar-gon, c. 3000 B.C. Below these there were still 35 ft. of stratified remains, constituting seven-eighths of the See also:total See also:depth of the ruins. Besides the remains of buildings, walls, See also:graves, &c.; Dr Banks discovered a large number of inscribed See also:clay tablets of a very early period, See also:bronze and See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone tablets, bronze implements and the like. But the two most notable discoveries were a See also:complete statue in See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:marble, apparently the most ancient yet found in Babylonia (now in the museum in See also:Constantinople), bearing the inscription-" E-mach, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Da-udu, King of, Ud-Nun "; and a temple refuse heap, consisting of See also:great quantities of fragments of vases in marble, See also:alabaster, See also:onyx,, See also:porphyry and See also:granite, some of which were inscribed, and others engraved and inlaid with See also:ivory and See also:precious stones. (J. P. PE.)
" BISON, the name of the one existing See also:species of See also:European See also:wild ox, See also:Bos (Bison) bonasus, known in See also:Russian as zubr. Together with the nearly allied New See also:World See also:animal known in See also:Europe as the (See also:North) See also:American bison, but in its own See also:country as " See also:buffalo," and scientifically as Bos (Bison) bison, the bison represents a
group of the ox tribe distinguished from other species by the greater breadth and convexity of the forehead, See also:superior length of See also:limb, and the longer See also:spinal processes of the dorsal vertebrae, which, with the powerful muscles attached for the support of the massive See also:head, See also:form a protuberance or hump on the shoulders. The bisons have also fourteen pairs of ribs, while the See also:common ox has only thirteen. The forehead and See also:neck of both species are covered with long, shaggy See also:hair of a dark See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown See also:colour; and in See also:winter the whole of the neck, shoulders and hump are similarly clothed, so as to form a See also:curly, felted mane. This mane in the European species disappears in summer; but in the American bison it is to a considerable extent persistent.
The bison is now the largest European quadruped, measuring about 10 ft. long, exclusive of the tail, and See also:standing nearly 6 ft. high. Formerly it was abundant throughout Europe, as is proved by the fossil remains of this or a closely allied form found on the See also:continent and in. See also:England, associated with those of the See also:extinct See also:mammoth and See also:rhinoceros. See also:Caesar mentions the bison as abounding, along with the extinct See also:aurochs or wild ox, in the forests of See also:Germany and See also:Belgium, where it appears to have been occasionally captured and afterwards exhibited alive in the See also:Roman amphitheatres. At that period, and long after, it seems to have been common throughout central Europe, as we learn from the See also:evidence of Ilerberstein in the 16th See also:century. Nowadays bison are found in a truly wild See also:condition only in the forests of the See also:Caucasus, where they are specially protected by the Russian See also:government. There is, however, a See also:herd, somewhat in the condition of See also:park-animals, in the See also:forest of Byelovitsa, in Lithuania; where it is protected by the See also:tsar, but nevertheless is gradually dying out. In '862 the Lithuanian bisons numbered over 1200, but by 1872 they had diminished to 528, and in 1892 there were only 491. The See also:prince of Pless . has a small herd at Promnitz, his Silesian See also:estate, founded by the See also:gift of a See also:bull and three cows by See also:Alexander II. in 1855, his herd being the source of the See also:menagerie See also:supply.
Bison feed on a coarse aromatic grass, and browse on the leaves, shoots, bark and twigs of trees:
The American bison is distinguished from its European See also:cousin by the following among other features: The See also:hind-quarters are weaker and fall away more suddenly, while the withers are proportionately higher. Especially characteristic is the great See also:mass of brown or blackish brown hair clothing the head, neck and forepart of the See also:body. The shape of the See also:skull and horns is also different; The horns themselves being shorter, thicker, blunter and more sharply curved, while the forehead of the skull is more See also:convex and the sockets of the eyes are more distinctly tubular. This species formerly ranged over a third of North See also:America in countless See also:numbers, but is now practically extinct. The great herd was separated into a See also:northern and
See also:southern See also:division by the completion of the See also:Union Pacific railway, and the See also:annual See also:rate of destruction from 187o to 1875 has been estimated at 2,500,000 head. In 188o the completion of the Northern Pacific railway led to an attack upon the northern herd. The last of the Dakota bisons were destroyed by See also:Indians in 1883, leaving then less than t000 wild individuals in the See also:United States.
A See also:count which was concluded at the end of See also:February 1903, put the number of See also:captive bisons at 1119, of which 969 were in parks and zoological gardens in the United States, 41 in See also:Canada and 109 in Europe. At the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time it was estimated that there were 34 wild bison in the United States and 600 in Canada.
In England small herds are kept by the See also:duke of See also:Bedford at See also:Woburn See also:Abbey, See also:Bedfordshire, and by Mr C. J. Leyland at Haggerston See also:Castle, See also:Northumberland.
Two races of the American bison have been distinguished—the typical See also:prairie form, and the woodland See also:race, B. bison athabascae; but the two are very similar. (R.
End of Article: BISMYA
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