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CATHCART, WILLIAM SCHAW CATHCART

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 518 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CATHCART, See also:WILLIAM SCHAW CATHCART , 1sT See also:EARL (1755–1843), See also:English soldier and diplomatist, was See also:born at See also:Peter-sham on the 17th of See also:September 1755, and educated at See also:Eton. In 1771 he went to St See also:Petersburg, where his See also:father, See also:Charles, 9th See also:Baron Cathcart (1721–1776), a See also:general in the See also:army, was See also:ambassador. From 1773 to 1777 he studied See also:law, but after succeeding to the See also:barony in 1776 he obtained a See also:commission in the See also:cavalry. Proceeding to See also:America in 1977, he had before the See also:close of his first See also:campaign twice won promotion on the See also:field of See also:battle. In 1778 he further distinguished himself in outpost See also:work, and at the battle of See also:Monmouth he commanded an irregular See also:corps, the " See also:British See also:Legion," with conspicuous success; for a See also:time also he acted as quartermaster-general to the forces in America. He returned See also:home in 1780, and in See also:February 1781 was made See also:captain and See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel in the See also:Coldstream See also:Guards. He was elected a representative peer for See also:Scotland in 1788, and in 1992 he became colonel of the 29th See also:foot. He served with distinction in the See also:campaigns in the See also:Low Countries, 1793-1795, in the course of which he was promoted See also:major-general; and in 1801 he was made a lieutenant-general, having in the meanwhile received the appointments of See also:vice-See also:admiral of Scotland (1795), privy councillor (1998), and colonel of the 2nd See also:Life Guards (1797). From 1803 to 1805 See also:Lord Cathcart was See also:commander-inchief in See also:Ireland, and in the latter See also:year he was sent by See also:Pitt in command of the British expedition to See also:Hanover (see See also:NAPOLEONIC CAMPAIGNS). After the recall of this expedition Cathcart commanded the forces in Scotland until 1807, when he was placed in See also:charge of the expedition to See also:Copenhagen, which surrendered to him on the 6th of September. Four See also:weeks later he was created See also:Viscount Cathcart of Cathcart and Baron See also:Greenock of Greenock in the See also:peerage of the See also:United See also:Kingdom, resuming the Scottish command on his return from the front. On the 1st of See also:January 1812 he was promoted to the full See also:rank of general, and a few months later he proceeded to See also:Russia as ambassador and military See also:commissioner.

In the latter capacity he served with the headquarters of the See also:

allies throughout the See also:War of Liberation (1812–1814) ; his success in the delicate and difficult task of maintaining See also:harmony and devotion to the See also:common cause amongst the generals of many nationalities was recognized after the war by his See also:elevation to the earldom (See also:July 1814). He then went to St Petersburg, and continued to hold the See also:post of ambassador until 1820, when he returned to See also:England. He died at his See also:estate near See also:Glasgow on the 16th of See also:June 1843. His son, CHARLES See also:MURRAY CATHCART, 2nd earl .(1783–1859), succeeded to the See also:title in 1843. He entered the 2nd Life Guards in 1800, and saw active service under See also:Sir See also:James See also:Craig in the Mediterranean, 1805–1806. In 1807 he became by See also:courtesy Lord Greenock. He took See also:part in the Walcheren expedition of 1809 as a major, and as a lieutenant-colonel served at Barossa, See also:Salamanca and See also:Vittoria. He had already gained See also:staff experience, and he now served under See also:Graham in See also:Holland, 1814, as quartermaster-general. He was See also:present at See also:Waterloo, and for his services received the C.B. and several See also:foreign orders. During the See also:peace he became deeply interested in scientific pursuits, and a new See also:mineral discovered by him in 1841 was named See also:Greenockite. His later military services included the See also:chief command in See also:Canada during a See also:period of See also:grave unrest (1846–1849). He retired from active service in 1859, becoming a full general just before his See also:death.

The title passed to his son and See also:

grandson as 3rd and 4th earls.

End of Article: CATHCART, WILLIAM SCHAW CATHCART

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