See also:GORCHAKOV, or GORTCHAKOEF , a See also:noble See also:Russian See also:family, descended from See also:Michael Vsevolodovich, See also:prince of See also:Chernigov, who, in 1246, was assassinated by the See also:Mongols. PRINCE ANDREY IvANOVICH (1768—1855), See also:general in the Russian See also:army, took a conspicuous See also:part in the final See also:campaigns against See also:Napoleon. See also:ALEXANDER IVANOVICH (1769—1825) served with distinction
Gorchakov perceived that Russian designs against See also:Turkey, supported by See also:Great See also:Britain and See also:France, were impracticable, and he counselled See also:Russia to make no more useless sacrifices, but to accept the bases of a pacification. At the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, although he attended the See also:Paris See also:conference of 1856, he purposely abstained from affixing his See also:signature to the treaty of See also:peace after that of See also:Count See also:Orlov, Russia's See also:chief representative. For the time, however, he made a virtue of See also:necessity, and Alexander II., recognizing the See also:wisdom and courage which Gorchakov had exhibited, appointed him See also:minister of See also:foreign affairs in See also:place of Count See also:Nesselrode. Not See also:long after his See also:accession to See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office Gorchakov issued a circular to the foreign See also:powers, in which he announced that Russia proposed, for See also:internal reasons, to keep herself as See also:free as possible from complications abroad, and he added the now historic phrase, " La Russie ne boude pas; See also:die se recueille." During the See also:Polish insurrection Gorchakov rebuffed the suggestions of Great Britain, See also:Austria and France for assuaging the severities employed in quelling it, and he was especially acrid in his replies to See also:Earl See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell's despatches. In See also:July 1863 Gorchakov was appointed See also:chancellor of the Russian See also:empire expressly in See also:reward for his bold See also:diplomatic attitude towards an indignant See also:Europe. The See also:appointment was hailed with See also:enthusiasm in Russia, and at that juncture Prince Chancellor Gorchakov was unquestionably the most powerful minister in Europe.
An approchement now began between the courts of Russia and See also:Prussia; and in 1863 Gorchakov smoothed the way for the occupation of See also:Holstein by the Federal troops. This seemed equally favourable to Austria and Prussia, but it was the latter See also:power which gained all the substantial advantages; and when the conflict arose between Austria and Prussia in 1866, Russia remained neutral and' permitted Prussia to reap the fruits and establish her supremacy in See also:Germany. When the Franco-See also:German See also:War of 1870-71 See also:broke out Russia answered for the See also:neutrality of Austria. An See also:attempt was made to See also:form an See also:anti-Prussian See also:coalition, but it failed'in consequence of the cordial understanding between the German and Russian chancellors. In return for Russia's service in preventing the aid of Austria from being given to France, Gorchakov looked to See also:Bismarck for diplomatic support in the Eastern Question, and he received an See also:instalment of the expected support when he successfully denounced the See also:Black See also:Sea clauses of the treaty of Paris. This was justly regarded by him as an important service to his See also:country and one of the triumphs of his career, and he hoped to obtain further successes with the assistance of Germany, but the cordial relations between the cabinets of St See also:Petersburg and See also:Berlin did not subsist much longer. In 1895 Bismarck was suspected of a See also:design of again attacking France, and Gorchakov gave him to understand, in a way which was not meant to be offensive, but which roused the German chancellor's indignation, that Russia would oppose any such See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme. The tension thus produced between the two statesmen was increased by the See also:political complications of 1875-1878 in See also:south-eastern Europe, which began with the Herzegovinian insurrection and culminated at the Berlin See also:congress. Gorchakov hoped to utilize the complications in such a way as to recover, without war, the portion of See also:Bessarabia ceded by the treaty of Paris, but he soon lost See also:control of events, and the Slavophil agitation produced the Russo-See also:Turkish See also:campaign of 1877-78. By the preliminary peace of See also:San Stefano the Slavophil aspirations seemed to be realized, but the stipulations of that peace were considerably modified by the congress of Berlin (13th See also:June to 13th July 1878), at which the aged chancellor held nominally the See also:post of first plenipotentiary, but See also:left to the second plenipotentiary, Count See also:Shuvalov, not only the task of defending Russian interests, but also the responsibility and odium for the concessions which Russia had to make to Great Britain and Austria. He had the See also:satisfaction of seeing the lost portion of Bessarabia restored to his country by the Berlin treaty, but at the cost of greater sacrifices than he anticipated. After the congress he continued to hold the post of minister for foreign affairs, but lived chiefly abroad, and resigned formally in 1882, when he was succeeded by M. de See also:Giers. He died at See also:Baden-Baden on the 11th of See also:March 1883. Prince Gorchakov devotedhimself entirely to foreign affairs, and took no part in the great internal reforms of Alexander II.'s reign. As a diplomatist he displayed many brilliant qualities—adroitness in negotiation, incisiveness in See also:argument and elegance in See also:style. His statesman-See also:ship, though marred occasionally by See also:personal vanity and love of popular See also:applause, was far-seeing and prudent. In the latter part of his career his See also:main See also:object was to raise the See also:prestige of Russia by undoing the results of the See also:Crimean War, and it may fairly be said that he in great measure succeeded. (D. M.
End of Article: GORCHAKOV, or GORTCHAKOEF
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide. Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|