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LADO ENCLAVE

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 61 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LADO See also:

ENCLAVE , a region of the upper See also:Nile formerly ad-ministered by the See also:Congo See also:Free See also:State, but since 1910 a See also:province of the Anglo-See also:Egyptian See also:Sudan. It has an See also:area of about 15,000 sq. m., and a See also:population estimated at 250,000 and consisting of See also:Bari, See also:Madi, Kuku and other Nilotic Negroes. The enclave is bounded S.E. by the See also:north-See also:west shores of See also:Albert See also:Nyanza—as far See also:south as the See also:port of Mahagi—E. by the western See also:bank of the Nile (See also:Bahr-el-See also:Jebel) to the point where the See also:river is intersected by 5° 30' N., which parallel forms its See also:northern frontier from the Nile westward to 30° E. This See also:meridian forms the west frontier to 4° N., the frontier thence being the Nile-Congo See also:watershed to the point nearest to Mahagi and from that point See also:direct to Albert Nyanza. The See also:country is a moderately elevated See also:plateau sloping north-See also:ward from the higher ground marking the Congo-Nile watershed. The plains are mostly covered with See also:bush, with stretches of See also:forest in the northern districts. Traversing the plateau are two parallel mountainous chains having a See also:general north to south direction. One See also:chain, the Kuku Mountains (See also:average height 2000 ft.), approaches See also:close to the Nile and presents, as seen from the river, several apparently isolated peaks. At other places these mountains See also:form precipices which stretch in a continuous See also:line like a huge See also:wall. From Dufile in 3° 34' N. to below the Bedden Rapids in 40 40' N. the See also:bed of the Nile is much obstructed and the river throughout this reach is unnavigable (see NILE). Below the Bedden Rapids rises the conical See also:hill of Rejaf, and north of that point the Nile valley becomes See also:flat. Ranges of hill, however, are visible farther westwards, and a little north of 5° N. is Jebel Lado, a conspicuous See also:mountain 2500 ft. high and some 12 M. distant from the Nile.

It has given its name to the See also:

district, being the first hill seen from the Nile in the ascent of some loon m. from See also:Khartum. On the river at Rejaf, at Lado, and at Kiro, 28 m. N. of Lado, are See also:government stations and trading establishments. The western chain of hills has loftier peaks than those of Kuku, Jebel Loka being about 3000 ft. high. This western chain forms a secondary watershed separating the See also:basin of the Yei, a large river, some 400 M. in length, which runs almost due north to join the Nile, from the other streams of the enclave, which have an easterly or north-easterly direction and join the Nile; after comparatively See also:short courses. The northern See also:part of the district was first visited by Europeans in 1841–1842, when the Nile was ascended by an expedition despatched by Mehemet See also:Ali to the See also:foot of the rapids at Bedden. The neighbouring posts of See also:Gondokoro, on the See also:east bank of the Nile, and Lado, soon became stations of the Khartum See also:ivory and slave traders. After the See also:discovery of Albert Nyanza by See also:Sir See also:Samuel See also:Baker in 1864, the whole country was overrun by See also:Arabs, Levantines, See also:Turks and others, whose See also:chief occupation was slave raiding. The region was claimed as part of the Egyptian Sudan, but it was not until the arrival of Sir Samuel Baker at Gondokoro in 187o as See also:governor of the See also:equatorial provinces, that any effective See also:control of the slave traders was attempted. Baker was succeeded by General C. G. See also:Gordon, who established a See also:separate See also:administration for the Bahr-el-Ghazal.

In 1878 Emin See also:

Pasha became governor of the Equatorial Province, a See also:term henceforth confined to the region adjoining the See also:main Nile above the See also:Sobat confluence, and the region south of the Bahr-el-Ghazal province. (The whole of the Lado Enclave thus formed part of Emin's old province.) Emin made his headquarters at Lado, whence he was driven in 1885 by the Mandists. He then removed to See also:Wadelai, a station farther south, but in 1889 the pasha, to whose aid H. M. See also:Stanley had conducted an expedition from the Congo, evacuated the country and with Stanley made his way to the east See also:coast. While the Mandists remained in See also:possession at Rejaf, See also:Great See also:Britain in virtue of her position in See also:Uganda claimed the upper Nile region as within the See also:British See also:sphere; a claim admitted by See also:Germany in 189o. In See also:February 1894 the See also:union See also:jack was hoisted at Wadelai, while in May of the same See also:year Great Britain granted to See also:Leopold II., as See also:sovereign of the Congo State, a See also:lease of large areas lying west of the upper Nile inclusive of the Bahr-el-Ghazal and See also:Fashoda. Pressed however by See also:France, Leopold II. agreed to occupy only that part of the leased area east of 3o° E. and south of 5° 30' N., and in this manner the actual limits of the Lado Enclave, as it was thereafter called, were fixed. Congo State forces had penetrated to the Nile valley as See also:early as 1891, but it was not until 1897, when on the 17th of February Commandant Chaltin inflicted a decisive defeat on the Mandists at Rejaf, that their occupation of the Lado Enclave was assured. After the withdrawal of the See also:French from Fashoda, Leopold II. revived (1899) his claim to the whole of the area, leased to him in 1894. In this claim he was unsuccessful, and the lease, by a new agreement made with Great Britain in 1906, was annulled (see See also:AFRICA, § 5). The See also:king however retained the enclave, with the stipulation that six months after the termination of his reign it should be handed over to the Anglo-Sudanese government (see Treaty See also:Series, No.

4, 1906). See Le Mouvement geographique (See also:

Brussels) passim, and especially articles in the 1910 issues.

End of Article: LADO ENCLAVE

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