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See also:LES BAUX , a See also:village of See also:south-eastern See also:France, in the See also:department of Bouches-du-See also:Rhone, 11 m. N.E. of See also:Arles by road. Pop. (Igoe) III. Les Baux, which in the See also:middle ages was a flourishing See also:town, is now almost deserted. Apart from a few inhabited dwellings, it consists of an assemblage of ruined towers, fallen walls and other debris, which See also:cover the slope of a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill crowned by the remains of a huge See also:chateau, once the seat of a celebrated "See also:court of love." The ramparts, a See also:medieval See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, the chateau, parts of which date to the Ilth See also:century, and many of the dwellings are,
in See also:great See also:part, hollowed out of the See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white friable See also:limestone on See also:History.—Although the position of See also:Lesbos near the old-established See also:trade-route to the See also:Hellespont marks it out as an important site even in pre-historic days, no See also:evidence on the See also:early See also:condition of the See also:island is as yet obtainable, beyond the See also:Greek tradition which represented it at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Trojan See also:War as inhabited by an See also:original stock of Pelasgi and an immigrant See also:population of See also:Ionians. In historic times it was peopled by an " Aeolian " See also:race who reckoned See also:Boeotia as their motherland and claimed to have migrated about 1050 B.c.; its See also:principal nobles traced their See also:pedigree to See also:Orestes, son of See also:Agamemnon. Lesbos was the most prominent of Aeolian settlements, and indeed played a large part in the early development of Greek See also:life. Its commercial activity is attested by several colonies in See also:Thrace and the See also:Troad, and by the participation of its traders in the See also:settlement of See also:Naucratis in See also:Egypt; hence also the town of Mytilene, by virtue of its See also:good See also:harbour, became the See also:political See also:capital of the island. The See also:climax of its prosperity was reached about 600 B.C., when a See also:citizen named See also:Pittacus was appointed as aesymnetes (See also:dictator) to adjust the See also:balance between the governing See also:nobility and the insurgent See also:commons and by his See also:wise See also:administration and legislation won a See also:place among the Seven Sages of See also:Greece. These years also constitute the See also:golden See also:age of Lesbian culture. The lyric See also:poetry of Greece, which owed much to two Lesbians of the 7th century, the musician See also:Terpander and the dithyrambist See also:Arion, attained the See also:standard of classical excellence under Pittacus' contemporaries See also:Alcaeus and See also:Sappho. In the 6th century the importance of the island declined, partly through a protracted and unsuccessful struggle with See also:Athens for the See also:possession of Sigeum near the Hellespont, partly through a crushing See also:naval defeat inflicted by See also:Polycrates of See also:Samos (about 55o). The Lesbians readily submitted to See also:Persia after the fall of See also:Croesus of See also:Lydia, and although hatred of their See also:tyrant Coes, a See also:Persian protege, drove them to take part in the Ionic revolt (499-493), they made little use of their large See also:navy and displayed poor spirit at the decisive See also:battle of Lade. In the 5th century Lesbos for a See also:long time remained a privileged member of the Delian See also:League (q.v.), with full rights of self-administration, and under the See also:sole See also:obligation of assisting Athens with naval contingents. Nevertheless at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War the ruling See also:oligarchy of Mytilene forced on a revolt, which was ended after a two years' See also:siege of that town (429-427). The Athenians, who had intended to punish the rebels by a wholesale See also:execution, contented themselves with killing the ringleaders, confiscating the See also:land and establishing a See also:garrison. In the later years of the war Lesbos was repeatedly attacked by the Peloponnesians, and in 405 the harbour of Mytilene was the See also:scene of a battle between the admirals Catlicratidas and See also:Conon. In 389 most of the island was recovered for the Athenians by See also:Thrasybulus; in 377 it joined the Second Delian League, and remained through-out a loyal member, although in the second See also:half of the century the dominant See also:democracy was for a while supplanted by a tyranny. In 334 Lesbos served as a See also:base for the Persian See also:admiral See also:Memnon against See also:Alexander the Great. During the Third Macedonian War the Lesbians sided with See also:Perseus against See also:Rome; similarly in 88 they became eager See also:allies of 1Vlithradates VI. of See also:Pontus, and Mytilene stood a protracted siege on his behalf. This town, nevertheless, was raised by See also:Pompey to the status of a See also:free community, thanks no doubt to his confidant See also:Theophanes, a native of Mytilene.
Of the other towns on the island, Antissa, Eresus and Pyrrha possess no See also:separate history. Methymna in the 5th and 4th centuries sometimes figures as a See also:rival of Mytilene, with an See also:independent policy. Among the distinguished Lesbians, in addition to those cited, may be mentioned the cyclic poet See also:Lesches, the historian See also:Hellanicus and the philosophers See also:Theophrastus and See also:Cratippus.
During the See also:Byzantine, age the island, which now assumes the name of Mytilene, continued to flourish. In 1091 it See also:fell for a while into the hands of the Seijuks, and in the following century was repeatedly occupied by the Venetians. In 1224 it was recovered by the Byzantine emperors, who in 1354 gave it as a See also:dowry to the Genoese See also:family Gattilusio. After prospering under
which they stand. Here and there may be found houses preserving carved facades of See also:Renaissance workmanship. Les Baux has given its name to the reddish See also:rock (See also:bauxite) which is plentiful in the neighbourhood and from which See also:aluminium is obtained. In the middle ages Les Baux was the seat of a powerful family which owned the Terre Baussenques, extensive domains in See also:Provence and See also:Dauphine. The See also:influence of the seigneurs de Baux in Provence declined before the See also:power of the See also:house of See also:Anjou, to which they abandoned many of their possessions. In 1632 the chateau and the ramparts were dismantled.
End of Article: LES BAUX
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