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MILMAN, HENRY HART (1791–1868)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 476 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MILMAN, See also:HENRY See also:HART (1791–1868) , See also:English historian and ecclesiastic, third son of See also:Sir See also:Francis Milman, See also:Bart., physician to See also:George III., was See also:born in See also:London on the loth of See also:November 1791. Educated at See also:Eton and at Brasenose See also:College, See also:Oxford, his university career was brilliant. He gained the See also:Newdigate See also:prize with a poem on the See also:Apollo See also:Belvidere in 1812, was elected a See also:fellow of Brasenose in 1814, and in 1816 won the English See also:essay prize with his See also:Comparative Estimate of See also:Sculpture and See also:Painting. In 1816 he was ordained, and two years later was presented to the living of St See also:Mary's, See also:Reading. Milman had already made his See also:appearance as a dramatic writer with his tragedy Fazio (produced on the See also:stage under the See also:title of The See also:Italian Wife). He also wrote Samor, the See also:Lord of The See also:Bright See also:City, the subject of which was taken from See also:British See also:legend, the " bright city " being See also:Gloucester; but he failed to invest it with serious See also:interest. In subsequent poetical See also:works he was more successful, notably the Fall of See also:Jerusalem (182o) and the See also:Martyr of See also:Antioch (1822). The See also:influence of See also:Byron is seen in his Belshazzar (1822). A tragedy, See also:Anne See also:Boleyn, followed in 1826; and Milman also wrote " When our-heads are bowed with woe," and other See also:hymns; an admirable version of the See also:Sanskrit See also:episode of Nala and Damayanti; and See also:translations of the See also:Agamemnon of See also:Aeschylus and the See also:Baal-me of See also:Euripides. In 1821 he was elected See also:professor of See also:poetry at Oxford, and in 1827 he delivered the See also:Bampton lectures on the See also:character and conduct of the apostles as an See also:evidence of See also:Christianity. His poetical works were published in three volumes in 1839. Turning to another See also:field, Milman published in 1829 his See also:History of the See also:Jews, which is memorable as the first by an English clergyman which treated the Jews as an See also:Oriental tribe, recognized sheikhs and amirs in the Old Testament, sifted and classified documentary evidence, and evaded or minimized the miraculous.

In consequence, the author was violently attacked and his inevitable preferment was delayed. In 1835, however, Sir See also:

Robert See also:Peel made him See also:rector of St See also:Margaret's, See also:Westminster, and See also:canon of Westminster, and in 1849 he became See also:dean of St See also:Paul's. By this See also:time his unpopularity had nearly died away, and generally revered and beloved, he occupied a dignified and enviable position, which he constantly employed for the promotion of culture and in particular for the relaxation of subscription to ecclesiastical formularies. His History of Christianity to the Abolition of Paganism in the See also:Roman See also:Empire (184o) had been completely ignored; but widely different was the reception accorded to the continuation of his See also:work, his See also:great History of Latin Christianity (1855), which has passed through many See also:editions. In 1838 he had edited See also:Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, and in the following See also:year published his See also:Life of Gibbon. Milman was also responsible for an edition of See also:Horace, and when he died he had almost finished a history of St Paul's See also:Cathedral, which was completed and published by his son, A. Milman (London, 1868), who also collected and published in 1879 a See also:volume of his essays and articles. Milman died on the 24th of See also:September 1868, and was buried in St Paul's Cathedral. .By his wife, Mary See also:Ann, a daughter of Lieut.-See also:General See also:William Cockell, he had four sons and two daughters. His See also:nephew, Robert Milman (1816–1876), was See also:bishop of See also:Calcutta from 1867 until his See also:death, and was the author of a Life of Torquato See also:Tasso (185o). See A. C.

See also:

Tait, See also:Sermon in Memory of H. H. Milman (London, 1868), and See also:Arthur Milman, H. H. Milman (London, 1900). See also the See also:Memoirs of R. Milman, bishop of Calcutta, by his See also:sister, Frances Maria Milman (1879). MILNE-See also:EDWARDS, HENRY (1800-1885), See also:French zoologist, the son of an Englishman, was born in See also:Bruges on the 23rd of See also:October 1800, but spent most of his life in See also:France. At first he turned his See also:attention to See also:medicine, in which he graduated at See also:Paris in 1823; but his See also:passion for natural history soon prevailed, and he gave himself up to the study of the See also:lower forms of See also:animal life. One of his earliest papers (Recherches anatomiques sur See also:les cruslaces), which was presented to the See also:Academy of Sciences in 1829, formed the theme of an elaborate and eulogistic See also:report by G. See also:Cuvier in the following year. It embodied the results of two dredging expeditions undertaken by him and his friend J.

V. See also:

Audouin during 1826 and 1828 in the neighbourhood of See also:Granville, and was remarkable for clearly distinguishing the marine See also:fauna of that portion of the French See also:coast into four zones. Much of his See also:original work was published in the Annales See also:des sciences naturelles, with the editorship of which he was associated from 1834. Of his books may be mentioned the Histoire naturelle de crustaces (3 vols., 1837-1841), which See also:long remained a See also:standard work; Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, published in 1858–186o, but begun many years before; Lecons sur la physiologie et l'anatomie comparee de l'homme et des animaux (1857–1881), in 14 volumes; and a little work on the elements of See also:zoology, origin-ally published in 1834, but subsequently remodelled, which enjoyed an enormous circulation. He was appointed in 1841 professor of See also:entomology at the museum d'histoire naturelle, where twenty-one years later he succeeded See also:Geoffroy See also:Saint-Hilaire in the See also:chair of zoology. The Royal Society in 1856 awarded him the See also:Copley See also:medal in recognition of his zoological investigations. He died in Paris on the 29th of See also:July 1885. His son, See also:Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900), who became professor of See also:ornithology at the museum in 1876, devoted himself especially to fossil birds and deep-See also:sea exploration.

End of Article: MILMAN, HENRY HART (1791–1868)

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