Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

MOORHEAD

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 812 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

MOORHEAD , a See also:

city and the See also:county-seat of See also:Clay county, See also:Minnesota, U.S.A., opposite See also:Fargo, See also:North Dakota, on the E. See also:bank of the Red See also:River and about 215 M. N.W. of Minneapolis. Pop. (1890), 2088; (1900), 3730; (1905), 4794; (1910), 484o. Moorhead is served by the See also:Great See also:Northern and the Northern Pacific See also:railways. The city is the seat of one of the See also:state normal See also:schools (1888) and of See also:Concordia See also:College (See also:Norwegian Lutheran; 1891), which in 1907-1908 had 500 students. Moorhead, named in See also:honour of See also:James K. Moorhead (18o6- 1884), a Republican representative in See also:Congress from See also:Pennsylvania in 1859-1869, was settled in 1871, was incorporated as a See also:village in 1875, and was chartered as a city in 1881. See also:MOOR-See also:HEN,' the name by which a See also:bird, often called See also:water-hen and sometimes gallinule, is most commonly known in See also:England. An earlier name was See also:moat-hen, which was appropriate in the days when a moat was the See also:ordinary See also:adjunct of most considerable houses in the See also:country. It is the Gallinula chloropus of ornithologists, about the See also:size of a small See also:bantam-hen, but with the See also:body much compressed (as is usual with members of the See also:family Rallidae, to which it belongs), its plumage above is of a deep See also:olive-See also:brown, so dark as to appear See also:black at a See also:short distance, and beneath See also:iron-See also:grey, relieved by some See also:white stripes on the flanks, with the See also:lower tail-coverts of pure white—these last being very conspicuous as the bird swims. A See also:scarlet frontlet, especially See also:bright in the See also:spring of the See also:year, and a red garter on the See also:tibia render it very showy.

Though often frequenting the neighbourhood of See also:

man, the moor-hen seems unable to overcome the inherent stealthy habits of the Rallidae, and hastens to hide itself on the least alarm; but under exceptional circumstances it may be induced to feed, yet always suspiciously, with tame ducks and poultry. It appears to take wing with difficulty, and may be often caught by an active See also:dog; but, in reality, it is capable of sustained See also:flight, its longer excursions being chiefly performed by See also:night, when the See also:peculiar See also:call-See also:note it utters is frequently heard as the bird, itself invisible in the darkness, passes overhead. The See also:nest is a See also:mass of flags, reeds, or other aquatic See also:plants, often arranged with much neatness, almost always near the water's edge, where a See also:clump of rushes is generally chosen; but should a See also:mill-See also:dam, sluice-See also:gate, or See also:boat-See also:house afford a favourable site, See also:advantage will be taken of it, and not unfrequently the bough of a See also:tree at some height from the ground will furnish the See also:place for a See also:cradle. The eggs, from seven to eleven in number, resemble those of the See also:coot but are smaller, lighter, and brighter in See also:colour, with spots or blotches of reddish-brown. The See also:common moor-hen is extensively spread throughout the Old See also:World, being found also at the Cape of See also:Good See also:Hope, in See also:India and in See also:Japan. In See also:America it is represented by a very closely allied See also:form, G. galeata, so called from its rather larger frontal helm, and in See also:Australia by another, G. lenebrosa, which generally wants the white flank-markings. Both closely resemble G. chloropus in See also:general habits, as does also the G. pyrrhorrhoa of See also:Madagascar, which has the lower tail-coverts See also:buff instead of white. See also:Celebes and See also:Amboyna possess a smaller cognate See also:species, G. haematopus, with red legs; tropical See also:Africa has the smallest of all, G. angulata. One of the most remarkable varieties is the G. nesiotis of See also:Tristan da Cunha,2 which has wholly lost the See also:power of flight.' Among other forms are the common Gallinula (Erythra) phoenicura, and Gallicrex cristata of India, as well as the See also:South See also:American species classed in the genus Porphyriops, and the remarkable Australian genus Tribonyx contains three species,4 which seem to be more terrestrial"than aquatic in their haunts and habits. Allied to all these is the genus See also:Porphyrio, including the bird so named by classical writers, and perhaps a dozen other species often called sultanas and See also:purple water-hens, for they all have a plumage of deep See also:blue—some becoming See also:violet, See also:green, or black in parts but preserving the white lower tail-coverts, so generally characteristic of the See also:group; and their beauty is enhanced by their scarlet • See also:bill and legs. Two, P. 'aileni of the Ethiopian region' and' the South American P. parva, are of small size.

1 Not to be confounded with " Moor-See also:

cock " or " Moor-See also:fowl," names formerly in general use for the red See also:grouse. 9Proe. Zoot. See also:Soc. (1861), p. 26o, pl. See also:xxx. 19 A somewhat intermediate form seems to be presented by the moor=hen of the See also:island of St See also:Denis, to the north of Madagascar (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 1036). ' See also:Ann. Mit See also:History, 3rd s€ries,-xx.

123.Of the larger species, P. caeruleus is the " Porphyrio " of the ancients, and inhabits certain localities on both sides of the Mediterranean, while the See also:

rest are widely dispersed within the tropics, and even beyond them, as in Australia and New See also:Zealand. But this last country has produced a more exaggerated form, Notornis, which has an interesting and perhaps unique history. First described from a fossil See also:skull by See also:Sir R. See also:Owen,' and then thought to be See also:extinct, an example was soon after taken alive,' the skin of which (with that of another procured like the first by See also:Walter See also:Mantell) may be seen in the See also:British Museum. Other fossil remains were from See also:time to time noted by Sir R. Owen '; but it began to be feared that the bird had ceased. to exist,8 until a third example was taken about the year 1879, the skin and most of the bones of which, after undergoing examination in New Zealand by Sir W. See also:Buller and T. J. See also:Parker,9 found their way to the museum of See also:Dresden, where A. B. See also:Meyer discovered the See also:recent remains to be specifically distinct from the fossil, and while keeping for the latter the name N. mantelli gives the former that of N. hochstetteri. What seems to have been a third species of Notornis formerly inhabited See also:Lord See also:Howe's Island, but is now extinct.

Whether the genus A ptornis, of which Owen described the remains from New Zealand, was most nearly allied to Notornis and Porphyrio cannot here be decided. T. J. Parker considers it a " development by degeneration of an ocydromine type." (See See also:

OCYDROME.) (A.

End of Article: MOORHEAD

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)
[next]
MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)