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See also:PASCHAL II . (Ranieri), See also:pope from the 13th of See also:August 1099 to the 21st of See also:January 1118, was a native of Bieda, near See also:Viterbo, and a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk of the Cluniac See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order. He was created See also:cardinal-See also:priest of S. Clemente by See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory VII. about 1o76, and was consecrated pope in See also:succession to See also:Urban II. on the 14th of August 1099. In the See also:long struggle with the emperors over See also:investiture, he zealously carried on the Hildebrandine policy, but with only partial success. In 1104 Paschal succeeded in instigating the See also:emperor's second son to See also:rebel against his See also:father, but soon found See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry V. even more persistent in maintaining the right of investiture than Henry IV. had been. The imperial See also:Diet at See also:Mainz invited (See also:Jan. rro6) Paschal to visit See also:Germany and See also:settle the trouble, but the pope in the See also:Council of See also:Guastalla (Oct. r1o6) simply renewed the See also:prohibition of investiture. In the same See also:year he brought to an end the investiture struggle in See also:England, in which See also:Anselm, See also:archbishop of See also:Canterbury, had been engaged with See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King Henry I., by retaining himself exclusive right to invest with the See also:ring and See also:crozier, but recognizing the royal nomination to vacate benefices and See also:oath of fealty for temporal domains. He went to See also:France at the See also:close of 11o6 to seek the See also:mediation of King See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip and See also:Prince See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis in the imperial struggle, but, his negotiations remaining without result, he returned to See also:Italy in See also:September 1107. When Henry V. advanced with an See also:army into Italy in order to be crowned, the pope agreed to a compact (Feb. rrr1), by the terms of which the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church should surrender all. the possessions and royalties it had received of the See also:empire and See also:kingdom of Italy since the days of See also:Charlemagne, while Henry on his See also:side should renounce See also:lay investiture. Preparations were made for the See also:coronation on the r 2th of See also:February 11 r 1, but the See also:Romans See also:rose in revolt against the compact, and Henry retired taking with him pope and See also:curia. After sixty-one days of harsh imprisonment, Paschal yielded and guaranteed investiture to the emperor. Henry was then crowned in St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's on the 13th of See also:April, and after exacting a promise that no revenge would be taken for what had passed withdrew beyond the See also:Alps. The Hildebrandine party was aroused to See also:action, however; a Lateran council of See also:March 1112 declared null and void the concessions extorted by violence; a council held at See also:Vienna in See also:October actually excommunicated the emperor, and Paschal sanctioned the proceeding. Towards the end of the pontificate trouble began anew in England, Paschal complaining (1115) that See also:councils were held and bishops translated without his authorization, and threatening Henry I. with See also:excommunication. On the See also:death of the countess See also:Matilda, who had bequeathed all her territories to the Church (1115), the emperor at once laid claim to them as imperial fiefs and forced the pope to flee from See also:Rome. Paschal returned after the emperor's withdrawal at the beginning of 1118, but died within a few days on the 21st of January 1118. His successor was See also:Gelasius II.
The See also:principal See also:sources for the See also:life of Paschal II. are his Letters in the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Epistolae, vols. 3, 6, 7, 13, 17, 20-23, 25, and the Vita by Petrus Pisanus in the See also:Liber pontificalis, ed. See also:Duchesne (See also:Paris, 1892). Important bulls are in J. A. G. von Pflugk-Harttung, See also:Die Bullen der Papste bis zum Ende See also:des zwolften Jahrhunderts (See also:Gotha, 19o1), and a valuable See also:digest in Jaffe-See also:Wattenbach, Regesta pontif. See also:roman. (1885-1888).
See J. See also:Langen, Geschichte der romischen Kirche von Gregor VII. bis Innocenz III. (See also:Bonn, 1893) ; K. J. von See also:Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, vol. v. (2nd ed., 1873–1890) ; E. See also:Franz, Papst Paschalis II. (See also:Breslau,1877) ; W. Schum, Die Politik Papst Paschals II. gegen Kaiser Heinrich V. See also:im Jahre 1112 (See also:Erfurt, 1877); I. Roskens, Heinrich V. and Paschalis II. (See also:Essen, 1885) ; C. Gernandt, Die erste Romfahrt Heinrich V. (See also:Heidelberg, 189o) ; G. Peiser, Der deutsche Investiturstreit unter Kaiser Heinrich V. bis zu dem papstlichen Privileg vom 3 April 1111 (See also:Berlin, 1883); and B. See also:Monod, Essai sur See also:les rapports de See also:Pascal II. avec Philippe I. (Paris, 1907). There is an exhaustive bibliography with an excellent See also:article by Carl Mirbt in See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie (3rd ed., 1904). (C. H.
End of Article: PASCHAL II
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