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TARQUINIUS See also:PRISCUS, See also:LUCIUS , fifth legendary See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Rome (616-578 B.C.). He is represented as the son of a See also:Greek refugee, who removed from See also:Tarquinii in See also:Etruria to Rome, by the See also:advice of his wife, the prophetess See also:Tanaquil. Appointed See also:guardian to the sons of Ancus Marcius, he succeeded in sup-planting them on the See also:throne on their See also:father's See also:death. He laid out the See also:Circus See also:Maximus, instituted the " See also:great " See also:games, built
and also in 1 548 when the turbulent szlachta tried to annul by force the See also:marriage of See also:Sigismund See also:Augustus with See also:Barbara Radziwill. In 1553, however, we find him in opposition to the See also:court and thwarting as much as possible the designs of the See also:young king. Nevertheless See also:Tarnowski was emphatically an aristocrat and an oligarch, proud of his See also:ancient lineage and intensely opposed to the democratic tendencies of the szlachta. A See also:firm See also:alliance between the king and the magnates was his ideal of See also:government. On the other See also:hand, though a devout See also:Catholic,
he was opposed to the exclusive See also:jurisdiction of the bishops I however, that the See also:original See also:settlement occupied the site of the and would even have limited the authority of Rome in See also:Poland. See also:medieval See also:town of Corneto, to the W.S.W., on the further See also:side of As a soldier Tarnowski invented a new See also:system of See also:tactics which I a deep valley. Some authorities indeed consider, and very likely with See also:good See also:reason, that this was the site of the See also:Etruscan See also:city, and that the Piano di Civita, which lies further inland and commands but little view of the See also:sea, was only occupied in See also:Roman times. The See also:case would be parallel to others in Etruria, e.g. Civita Castellana (anc. See also:Falerii) which also occupies the site of the Etruscan city, while the Roman site, some distance away, is now abandoned. The importance of Tarquinii to archaeologists lies mainly in its See also:necropolis, situated to the S.E. of the medieval town, on the See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill which, from the tumuli raised above the tombs, bears the name of Monterozzi. The tombs them-selves are of various kinds. The See also:oldest are tombe a pozzo, or See also:shaft See also:graves, containing the ashes of the dead in an See also:urn, of the See also:Villanova See also:period, the oldest of them probably pre-Etruscan; in some of these tombs hut urns, like those of See also:Latium, are found. Next come the various kinds of inhumation graves, the most important of which are See also:rock-hewn See also:chambers, many of which contain well-preserved paintings of various periods; some show See also:close kinship to archaic Greek See also:art, while others are more See also:recent, and one, the Grotta del Tifone (so called from the typhons, or winged genii of death, represented) in which Latin as well as Etruscan See also:inscriptions appear, belongs perhaps to the See also:middle of the 4th See also:century B.C. See also:Fine sarcophagi from these tombs, some 'showing traces of See also:painting, are preserved in the municipal museum, and also numerous fine Greek vases, bronzes and other See also:objects.
Tarquinii is said to have been already a flourishing city when See also:Demaratus of See also:Corinth brought in Greek workmen. It was the See also:chief of the twelve cities of Etruria, and appears in the earliest See also:history of Rome as the See also:home of two of its See also:kings, Tarquinius Priscus and Tarquinius Superbus. From it many of the religious See also:rites and ceremonies of Rome are said to have been derived, and even in imperial times a collegium of sixty See also:haruspices continued to exist there. The See also:people of Tarquinii and See also:Veii attempted to restore Tarquinius Superbus to the throne after his See also:expulsion. In 358 B.C. the citizens of Tarquinii captured and put to death 307 Roman soldiers; the resulting See also:war ended in 351 with a See also:forty years' truce, renewed for a similar period in 308. When Tarquinii came under Roman domination is uncertain, as is also the date at which it became a See also:municipality; in 181 B.C. its See also:port, Graviscae (mod. See also:Porto Clementino), in an unhealthy position on the See also:low See also:coast, became a Roman See also:colony. It exported See also:wine and carried on See also:coral See also:fisheries. Nor do we hear much of it in Roman times; it See also:lay on the hills above the coast road. The See also:flax and forests of its extensive territory are mentioned by classical authors, and we find Tarquinii offering to furnish Scipio with See also:sailcloth in 195 B.C. A See also:bishop of Tarquinii is mentioned in A.D. 456.
the great sewers (cloacae), and began the construction of the See also:temple of See also:Jupiter on the Capitol. He carried on war success-fully against the Sabines and subjugated Latium. He is said to have raised the number of the senators to 300, and to have doubled the number of the knights (see See also:NAVius, ATTus). The introduction of many of the insignia both of war and of See also:civil See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office is assigned to his reign, and he was the first to celebrate a Roman See also:triumph, after the Etruscan See also:fashion, in a robe of See also:purple and See also:gold, and See also:borne on a See also:chariot See also:drawn by four horses. He was assassinated at the instigation of the sons of Ancus Marcius.
The See also:legend of Tarquinius Priscus is in the See also:main a See also:reproduction of those of See also:Romulus and Tullas Hostilius. His Corinthian descent, invented by the Greeks to establish a close connexion with Rome, is impossible for See also:chronological reasons; further, according to the genuine Roman tradition, the Tarquinii were of Etruscan, not Greek, origin. There seems to have been originally only one Tarquinius; later, when a connected See also:story of the legendary period was constructed, two (distinguished as the " See also:Elder " and the " Proud ") were introduced, separated by the reign of Servius Tullius, and the name of both was connected with the same events. Thus, certain public See also:works were said to have been begun by the earlier and finished by the later king; both instituted games, acquired the Sibylline books, and reorganized the See also:army.
For the constitutional reforms attributed to Tarquinius, see ROME: Ancient History; for a See also:critical examination of the story, See also:Schwegler, Romische Geschichte, bk. xv.; See also:Sir See also:George Cornewall See also:Lewis, Credibility of See also:early Roman History, ch. r r ; W. Ihne, History of Rome, i.; E. Pais, Storia di See also:Roma, i. (1898), who identifies Tarquinius with Tarpeius, the eponymus of the Tarpeian rock, subsequently See also:developed into the wicked king Tarquinius Superbus: Ancient authorities:—See also:Livy i. 34—41; See also:Dion. See also:Hal. iii. 46—73; Cic. de Repub., ii. 200.
End of Article: TARQUINIUS PRISCUS, LUCIUS
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