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See also:TINDAL, See also:MATTHEW (d. 1733) , See also:English deist, the son of a clergyman, was See also:born at See also:Beer See also:Ferrers (Ferris), See also:Devonshire, probably in 1653. He studied See also:law at See also:Lincoln See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, under the high churchman See also:George See also:Hickes, See also:dean of See also:Worcester; in 1678 he was elected See also:fellow of All Souls College. About 1685 he saw " that upon his High See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church notions a separation from the Church of See also:Rome could not Jee justified," and accordingly he joined the latter. But discerning " the absurdities of popery," he returned to the Church of See also:England at See also:Easter x688. His See also:early See also:works were an See also:Essay of Obedience to the Supreme See also:Powers (1694); an Essay on the See also:Power of the See also:Magistrate and the Rights of Mankind in Matters of See also:Religion (1697) ; and The See also:Liberty of the See also:Press (1698). The first of his two larger works, The Rights of the See also:Christian Church associated against the Romish and all other priests who claim an See also:independent power over it, pt. i., appeared anonymously in 1706 (2nd ed., 1706; 3rd, 1707; 4th, 1709). The See also:book was regarded in its See also:day as a forcible See also:defence of the Erastian theory of the supremacy of the See also:state over the Church, and at once provoked See also:criticism and abuse. After several attempts to proscribe the See also:work had failed, a See also:case against the author, publisher and printer succeeded on the 12th of See also:December 1707, and another against a bookseller for selling a copy the next day. The See also:prosecution did not prevent the issue of a See also:fourth edition and gave the author the opportunity of issuing A Defence of the Rights of the Christian Church, in two parts (2nd ed., 1709). The book was, by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of the See also:House. of See also:Commons, burned, along with See also:Sacheverell's. See also:sermon, by the See also:common hangman (1710). It continued to be the subject of denunciation for years, and Tindal believed he was charged by Dr See also:Gibson, See also:bishop of See also:London, in a See also:Pastoral See also:Letter, with having undermined religion and promoted See also:atheism and infidelity—a See also:charge to which he replied in the See also:anonymous See also:tract, An Address to the Inhabitants of London and See also:Westminster, a second and larger edition of which appeared in 1730. In this tract2 he makes a valiant defence of the deists, and anticipates
2 A Second Address to the Inhabitants, &c., with replies to some of the critics of that book, bears the same date (1730), though some of the works it refers to appeared in 1731.
here and there his See also:Christianity as Old as the Creation; or, the See also:Gospel a Republication of the Religion of Nature (London, 1730, 2nd ed., 1731; 3rd, 1732; 4th, 1933), which was regarded as the " See also:Bible " of See also:deism. It was really only the first See also:part of the whole work, and the second, though written and entrusted in See also:manuscript to a friend, never saw the See also:light. The work evoked many replies, of which the ablest were by See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Foster (1730), See also:John See also:Conybeare (1732), John See also:Leland (1933) and Bishop See also:- BUTLER
- BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
- BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
- BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
- BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
- BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
- BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
- BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
- BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
- BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
- BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
- BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)
Butler (1736). It was translated into See also:German by J. Lorenz See also:Schmidt (1741), and from it See also:dates the See also:influence of English deism on German See also:theology. Tindal had probably adopted the principles it expounds before he wrote his essay of 1697. He claimed the name of " Christian deist," holding that true Christianity is identical with the eternal religion of nature. He died at Oxford on the 16th of See also:August 1733•
The religious See also:system expounded in Christianity as Old as the Creation, unlike the earlier system of See also:Lord See also:Herbert of Cherbury, was based on the empirical principles of See also:Locke. It assumed the traditional deistic antitheses of See also:external and See also:internal, See also:positive and natural, revelations and religions, and perpetuated at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the prevalent misconceptions as to the nature of religion and See also:revelation. The system was worked out by the a priori method, with an all but See also:total disregard of the facts of religious See also:history. It starts from the assumptions that true religion must, from the nature of See also:God and things, be eternal, universal, See also:simple and perfect; that this religion can consist of nothing but the simple and universal duties towards God and See also:man, the first consisting in the fulfilment of the second—in other words, the practice of morality. The author's moral system, somewhat confused and inconsistent, is essentially utilitarian. True revealed religion is simply a republication of the religion of nature or See also:reason, and Christianity, if it is the perfect religion; can only be that republication, and must be as old as creation. The See also:special See also:mission of Christianity, therefore, is simply to deliver men from the superstition which had perverted the religion of nature. True Christianity must be a perfectly " reasonable service," reason must be supreme, and the Scriptures as well as all religious doctrines must submit ; only those writings can be regarded as divine Scripture which tend to the See also:honour of God and the See also:good of man. The strength of Tindal's position was the conviction of the essential See also:harmony between man's religious and rational nature. Its weakness from the standpoint of See also:modern theology was that, like the whole religious See also:philosophy of the time, it was founded on a misconception of religion and revelation, and on a disregard of the course of man's religious development.
See works quoted under DEISM.
End of Article: TINDAL, MATTHEW (d. 1733)
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