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VANNES

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 896 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VANNES , a See also:

town of western See also:France, See also:capital of the See also:department of See also:Morbihan, 84 m. N.W. of See also:Nantes on the railway to See also:Brest. Pop. (1906), town, 16,728; See also:commune, 23,561. It is situated to m. from the open See also:sea, at the confluence of two streams forming the Vannes See also:river, which debouches into the See also:land-locked Gulf of Morbihan about a mile below the town. The narrow, steep and crooked streets of the old town, which See also:lie on a See also:hill facing the See also:south, are surrounded by fortifications of the 14th, 15th and 17th centuries, pierced by four See also:gates and flanked by nine towers and five bastions, connected by battlements. In the See also:Constable's See also:Tower See also:Olivier de See also:Clisson was confined in 1387. The See also:modern suburbs, with the See also:port, the public buildings, See also:barracks, convents, squares and promenades, notably the Garenne and the See also:park of the Prefecture, surround the old town. The archaeological museum, the contents of which are mainly the See also:fruit of excavations at See also:Carnac and elsewhere in the vicinity, includes one of the richest collections of prehistoric remains in See also:Europe. There are also a museum of natural See also:history and a library. The See also:cathedral of St See also:Peter overlooks the old town; burnt by the See also:Normans in the loth See also:century, it was rebuilt in the 13th, 15th and 18th centuries. It has remains of a See also:cloister and contains the See also:relics and See also:tomb of the See also:Spanish Dominican preacher St See also:Vincent See also:Ferrier, who died at Vannes in 1419.

The curious See also:

round Chapelle du See also:Pardon to the See also:left of the See also:nave was built in 1537 in the See also:Italian See also:style. Some interesting old houses, including that of the presidents of the See also:parlement of See also:Brittany, the See also:rich private collections of M. de Limur, and the See also:church of St Paterne (18th century) are also worthy of mention. There is a See also:monument to Le See also:Sage, See also:born near Vannes. Vannes is the seat of a See also:prefect, a See also:bishop and a See also:court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce and a See also:branch of the See also:Bank of France. A communal See also:college is among the educational institutions. Among the See also:industries are See also:building, tanning and See also:cotton-See also:weaving. The port of Vannes, to the south of the town, is formed by the Vannes river and is accessible only to small vessels. Vessels of Boo tons can make the See also:harbour of Conleau about 21 M. from the town. Vannes (Dariorigum); the capital of the See also:Veneti (whence Gwened, the See also:Breton name of the town), was at the See also:head of the Armorican See also:league against See also:Julius See also:Caesar, who in 56 n.c. over-came their See also:fleet and opened up their See also:country by six roads. St Paternus, the first bishop, was consecrated in 465. In the 5th century Vannes was ruled for a See also:time by See also:independent See also:counts, but soon came under the yoke of the See also:Franks. Nomenoe, the See also:lieutenant of See also:Louis I., the Pious, in Brittany; assumed the See also:title of See also:king in 843, and one of his See also:brothers was the founder of a See also:line of counts who distinguished themselves against the Normans in the 9th and loth centuries.

Vannes became See also:

part of the duchy of Brittany at the end of the loth century. The estates of Brittany met there for the first time in 1203 to urge See also:Philip See also:Augustus to avenge the See also:death of See also:Arthur of Brittany. In- the course of the See also:War of See also:Succession the town was besieged four times in 1342. See also:Duke See also:John IV. built here the See also:castle of L'Hermine and made it his habitual See also:residence. In 1487 the town was for a See also:year in the hands of See also:Charles VIII. of France. In 1532 Brittany was definitively See also:united to France. The estates met at Vannes several times in the 17th and 18th centuries. During the Revolution this town was the See also:scene of the See also:execution in 1795 of some of the prisoners after the royalist disaster at See also:Quiberon.

End of Article: VANNES

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