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ALBERT EDWARD NYANZA

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 502 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ALBERT See also:EDWARD See also:NYANZA , a See also:lake of Central See also:Africa, the See also:southern of the two western reservoirs of the See also:Nile. It lies in the Albertine rift-valley between o° 8' and o° 40' S. and 29° 28' and 29° 52' E., at an See also:elevation of 3004 ft. above the See also:sea. It is roughly See also:oval in shape and has no deep indentations. On its N.E. See also:side it is connected by a winding channel, 25 in, See also:long and from a See also:quarter of a mile to a mile wide, flowing between high See also:banks, with a smaller See also:sheet of See also:water, Lake Dweru, which extends See also:north of the See also:equator. Albert Edward Nyanza has a length of 44 M. and a breadth of 32 M. (maximum measurement). Dweru is about 20 M. long and 10 across at its widest See also:part. The See also:area of the two lakes is approximately 82o sq. m., or about the See also:size of See also:Leicestershire, See also:England. A swampy See also:plain, traversed by the Ruchuru and other See also:rivers, extends See also:south of the Nyanza and was once covered by its See also:waters. The plain contains several See also:salt-pans, and at the S.E. corner are numerous geysers. Along the eastern See also:shore the See also:low See also:land extends to Kamarangu, a point about midway between the south and north ends of the lake, a considerable stretch of ground intervening between the See also:wall of the rift-valley and the water, two terraces being clearly defined. The See also:euphorbia trees and other vegetation on the See also:lower See also:terrace are of small size and apparently of See also:recent origin.

At some distance from the lake runs a See also:

belt of See also:forest. North of Kamarangu the wall of the valley approaches the water in a See also:series of bluffs some 300 to 350 ft. high. At the N.E. end the hills again recede and the plain widens to include Dweru. On the See also:west side of the Nyanza the wall of the rift-valley runs See also:close to the lake shore and at the N.W. corner the mountains close in on the water. North of the lake a high alluvial plain stretches to the southern slopes of the See also:Ruwenzori mountains. From Ruwenzori a subsidiary range, known as the Kipura mountains, runs due south to the lake shore, where it ends in a low rounded See also:hill. In See also:general, the plain rises above the lake in a series of bold bluffs; a wide margin of swamp separating them from the water. The Semliki, the only outlet of the lake, issues from its N.W. end. See also:Round the north-eastern shore of the lake are numerous See also:crater lakes, many salt, the most remarkable being that of Katwe. This lake lies west of the Dweru channel and is separated from Albert Edward Nyanza by a See also:ridge of land, not more than i6o ft. in breadth. The sides of this ridge run down steeply to the water on either side. The waters of the Katwe lake have a beautiful See also:rose See also:colour which becomes See also:crimson in the shadows.

The salt is highly prized and is exported to See also:

great distances. The See also:main feeder of Albert Edward Nyanza, and western See also:head-stream of the Nile, the Ruchuru, rises on the north side of the volcanoes north of Lake See also:Kivu (see See also:MFUMBIRO). On reaching the level plain 15 M. from the lake its waters become brackish, and the vegetation on its banks is scanty. The reedy marshes near its mouth See also:form a See also:retreat for a See also:primitive See also:race of fishermen. Lake Dweru, the shores of which are generally high, is fed by the streams from the eastern slopes of the Ruwenzori range. One of these, the Mpango, is a larger See also:river than the Ruchuru. The outlet of the Nyanza, the Semliki, and the part played by the lake in the Nile See also:system are described under ALBERT NYANZA. A feature of Lake Albert Edward Nyanza is the thick haze which overhangs the water during the dry See also:season, blotting out from view the mountains. In the rains, when the See also:sky is clear, the magnificent See also:panorama of hills encircling the lake on the west and north-west is revealed. The lake water is clear of a See also:light See also:green colour, and distinctly brackish. See also:Fish abound, as do waterfowl, crocodiles and, in the southern swamps, hippopotami. In the See also:rainy season the lake is subject to violent storms.

The entire area of Albert Edward Nyanza was found, by the See also:

work of the Anglo-See also:German Boundary See also:Commission of 1902–19041 to See also:lie within the limits of the See also:sphere of See also:influence of the See also:Congo See also:Free See also:State as defined in the agreement of the 12th of May 1894 between that state and Great See also:Britain. Dweru was discovered in 1875 by H. M. See also:Stanley, then travelling westward from See also:Uganda, and by him was named See also:Beatrice Gulf in the belief that it was part of Albert Nyanza. In 1888–1889 Stanley, approaching the Nile region from the west, traced the Semliki to its source in Albert Edward Nyanza, which lake he discovered, naming it after Albert Edward, See also:prince of See also:Wales, afterwards Edward VII. Stanley also discovered the connecting channel between the larger lake and Dweru. The accurate mapping of the lake was mainly the work of See also:British officials and travellers, such as See also:Scott See also:Elliott, See also:Sir F. D. See also:Lugard, See also:Ewart Grogan, J. E. See also:Moore and Sir H. See also:Johnston; while Emin See also:Pasha and See also:Franz Stuhlmann, See also:deputy-See also:governor (1891) of German See also:East Africa, explored its southern shores.

(See ALBERT NYANZA and NILE, and the authorities there quoted.) (W. E. G.; F. R.

End of Article: ALBERT EDWARD NYANZA

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