Online Encyclopedia

province into nine districts, governed by as many ulmen, who were subject to the apo-ulmen, as the latter were to the toquis. These various chiefs (who all See also:

BORE

bore the See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of ulmen) composed the See also:

ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy of the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country. They held their dignities by hereditary descent in the male See also:

LINE

line, and in the See also:

order of See also:

PRIMOGENITURE

primogeniture. The supreme See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of each tetrarchy resided in a See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of the ulmen, who assembled annually in a large See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain. The resolutions of this council were subject to popular assent. The chiefs, indeed, were little more than leaders in See also:

war; for the right of private revenge limited their authority in judicial matters; and they received no taxes. Their See also:

LAWS

laws were merely traditional customs. War was declared by the council, messengers bearing arrows dipped in See also:

BLOOD

blood being sent to all parts of the country to summon the men to arms. From the See also:

time of the first See also:

SPANISH

Spanish invasion (1535) the Araucanians made a vigorous resistance, and after worsting the best soldiers and the best generals of See also:

Spain for two centuries obtained an See also:

ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment of their See also:

independence.

Their success was due as much to their readiness in adopting their enemy's methods of warfare as to their bravery. Realizing the inefficiency of their old missiles when opposed to See also:

MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket balls, they laid aside their bows, and armed themselves with spears, swords or other weapons fitted for See also:

close combat. Their practice was to advance rapidly within such a distance of the Spaniards as would not leave the latter time to reload after firing. Here they received without shrinking a. volley, which was certain to destroy a number of them, and then rushing forward in close order, fought their enemies See also:

hand to hand. The Araucanians believe in a supreme being, and in many subordinate See also:

SPIRITS

spirits, See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good and See also:

BAD, BCD

bad. They believe also in omens and See also:

divination, but they have neither temples nor idols, nor religious See also:

RITES

rites. Very few have become See also:

ROMAN

Roman Catholics. They believe in a future See also:

state, and have a confused tradition respecting a See also:

DELUGE, THE (through the Fr. from Lat. diluvium, flood, diluere, to wash away)

deluge, from which some persons were saved on a high See also:

mountain. They See also:

DIVIDE

divide the See also:

YEAR

year into twelve months of See also:

THIRTY

thirty days, and add five days by intercalation. They esteem See also:

POETRY

poetry and eloquence, but can scarcely be induced to learn See also:

READING

reading or See also:

writing. The tribal divisions have little or no organization. Some 50,000 in number, they spend a See also:

NOMAD (Gr. voµas, voµabes, wandering)

nomad existence wandering from pasture to pasture, living in See also:

low skin tents, their herds providing their See also:

food.

They still preserve their warlike nature, though in 1870 they formally recognized Chilean See also:

RULE

rule. In 1861 See also:

ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

Antoine de Tounens (182o-1878), a See also:

French adventurer in Chile, proclaimed himself See also:

king of See also:

ARAUCANIA

Araucania under the title of Orelie Antoine I., and tried to obtain subscriptions from See also:

France to support his enterprise. But his pretensions were ludicrous; he was quickly captured by the Chileans and sent back to France (1862) as a madman; and though he made one more abortive effort in 1874 II to recover his " See also:

KINGDOM

kingdom," and occupied his See also:

PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen in magnifying his achievements, nobody took him seriously except a few of the deluded Indians. See Domeyko, Araucania y See also:

sus habitantes (See also:

SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago, 1846) ; de Ginoux, " Le Chili et See also:

les Araucans," in See also:

Bull. de la See also:

soc. de geogr. (1852) ; E. R. See also:

Smith, Araucanians (New See also:

York, x855) ; J. T. See also:

Medina, Los aborjenes de Chile (Santiago, 1882) ; A. Polakowsky, See also:

Die heutigen Araukanen, Globus No. 74 (See also:

Brunswick, 1898).

End of Article: ARAUCANIANS (or AucA)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
ARAUCANIA

[next]
ARAUCARIA