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GREGORY XII

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 575 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GREGORY XII . (Angelo Coriaro, or See also:Correa), See also:pope from the 3oth of See also:November 1406, to the 4th of See also:July 1415, was See also:born of a See also:noble See also:family at See also:Venice about 1326. Successively See also:bishop of See also:Castello, Latin See also:patriarch of See also:Constantinople, See also:cardinal-See also:priest of See also:San Marco, and papal secretary, he was elected to succeed See also:Innocent VII., after an See also:interregnum of twenty-four days, under the See also:express See also:condition that, should the antipope See also:Benedict XIII. at See also:Avignon renounce all claim to the papacy, he also would renounce his, so that the See also:long See also:schism might be terminated. As pope, he concluded a treaty with his See also:rival at See also:Marseilles, by which a See also:general See also:council was to be held at See also:Savona in See also:September, 1408, but See also:King See also:Ladislaus of See also:Naples, who opposed the See also:plan from policy, seized See also:Rome and brought the negotiations to nought. Gregory had promised not to create any more cardinals, and when he did so, in 1408, his former cardinals deserted him and, together with the Avignon cardinals, convoked the council of See also:Pisa, which, despite its irregularity, proclaimed in See also:June 1409 the deposition of both popes and the See also:election of See also:Alexander V. Gregory, still supported by Naples, See also:Hungary, See also:Bavaria, and by See also:Rupert, king of the See also:Romans, found See also:protection with Ladislaus, and in a See also:synod at Cividale del See also:Friuli banned Benedict and Alexander as schismatical, perjured and scandalous. See also:John See also:XXIII., having succeeded to the claims of Alexander in 1410, concluded a treaty with Ladislaus, by which Gregory was banished from Naples on the 31st of See also:October 1411. The pope then took See also:refuge with Carlo Malatesta, See also:lord of See also:Rimini, through whom he presented his resignation to the council of See also:Constance on the 4th of July 1415. A weak and easily-influenced old See also:man, his resignation was the noblest See also:act of his pontificate. The See also:rest of his See also:life was spent in peaceful obscurity as cardinal-bishop of See also:Porto and See also:legate of the See also:mark of See also:Ancona. He died at See also:Recanati on the 18th of October 1417. Some writers reckon Alexander V. and John XXIII. as popes rather than as antipopes, and accordingly See also:count Gregory's pontificate from 1406 to 1409.

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Roman See also:Catholic authorities, however, incline to the other reckoning. See L. Pastor, See also:History of the Popes, vol. i., trans. by F. I. Antrobus (See also:London, 1899) ; M. See also:Creighton, History of the Papacy, vol. I (London, 1899) ; N. See also:Valois, La See also:France et le See also:grand schisme d'occident (See also:Paris, 1896–1902) ; See also:Louis Gayet, Le Grand Schisme d'occident (Paris, 1898) ; J. von See also:Haller, Papsttum is. Kirchenreform (See also:Berlin, 1903) ; J. Loserth, Geschichte See also:des spateren Mittelalters (1903) ; Theoderici de Nyem de schismate libri ties, ed. by G: Erler (See also:Leipzig, 1890). There is an excellent See also:article by J. N.

Brischar in the.Kirchenlexikon 2nd ed., Vol. 5. (C. H.

End of Article: GREGORY XII

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