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See also:INNOCENT XIII . (Michele Angelo See also:Conti), See also:pope from 1721 to 1724, was the son of the See also:duke of Poli, and a member of a See also:family that had produced several popes, among them Innocent III., was See also:born in See also:Rome on the 13th of May 1655, served as See also:nuncio in See also:Switzerland, and, for a much longer See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, in See also:Portugal, was made See also:cardinal and See also:bishop of See also:Osimo and See also:Viterbo by See also:Clement XI., whom he succeeded on the 8th of May 1721. One of his first acts was to invest the See also:emperor See also:Charles VI. with See also:Naples (1722); but against the imperial See also:investiture of See also:Don See also:Carlos with See also:Parma and See also:Piacenza he protested, albeit in vain. He recognized the Pretender, "See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James III.," and promised him subsidies conditional upon the re-See also:establishment of See also:Roman Catholicism in See also:England. Moved by deep-seated distrust of the See also:Jesuits and by their continued practice of " See also:Accommodation," despite See also:express papal See also:prohibition (see CLEMENT XI.), Innocent forbade the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
Order to receive new members in See also:China, and was said to have meditated its suppression. This encouraged the See also:French Jansenist bishops to See also:press for the revocation of the See also:bull Unigenitus; but the pope commanded its unreserved See also:acceptance. He weakly yielded to pressure and bestowed the cardinal's See also:hat upon the corrupt and debauched See also:Dubois. Innocent died on the 7th of See also:March 1724, and was succeeded by See also:Benedict XIII.
See Guarnacci, Vitae et res gestae Pontiff. Rom. (Rome, 1751), ii. 137 sqq., 381 sqq.; Sandini, Vitae Pontiff. Rom. (See also:Padua, 1739); M. v. See also:Mayer, See also:Die Papstwahl Innocent XIII. (See also:Vienna, 1874); See also:Michaud, "La Fin du Clement XI. et le commencement du pontificat d'Innocent XIII." in the Internat. Theol. Zeitschr. v. 42 sqq., 304 sqq.
(T. F. C.)
INNOCENTS' See also:DAY, or CHILOERMAS, a festival celebrated in the Latin See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church on the 28th of See also:December, and in the See also:Greek church on the 29th (O.S.) in memory of the See also:massacre of the See also:children by See also:Herod. The Church See also:early regarded these little ones as the first martyrs. It is uncertain when the day was first kept as a See also:saint's day. At first it seems to have been absorbed into the celebration of the See also:Epiphany, but by the 5th See also:century it was kept as a See also:separate festival. In Rome it was a day of See also:fasting and See also:mourning. In the See also:middle ages the festival was the occasion.for much See also:indulgence to the children. The boy-bishop (q.v.), whose See also:tenure of See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office lasted till Childermas, had his last exercise of authority then, the day being one of the See also:series of days which were known as the Feast of See also:Fools. Parents temporarily abdicatedauthority, and in nunneries and monasteries the youngest See also:nun and See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk were for the twenty-four See also:hours allowed to masquerade as See also:abbess and See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot. These mockeries of See also:religion were condemned by the See also:Council of See also:Basel (1431); but though shorn of its extravagances the day is still observed as a feast day and merry-making for children in See also:Catholic countries, and particularly as an occasion for See also:practical joking like an See also:April See also:Fool's Day. In See also:Spanish-See also:America when such a joke has been played, the phrase See also:equivalent to "You April fool ! " is Que la inocencia le valga! May your innocence protect you! The society of See also:Lincoln's See also:Inn specially celebrated Childermas, annually electing a " See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the Cockneys." Innocents' Day was ever accounted unlucky. Nothing was begun and no marriages took See also:place then. See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XI. prohibited all See also:state business. The See also:coronation of See also:Edward IV., fixed for a See also:Sunday, was postponed till the See also:Monday when it was found the Sunday See also:fell on the 28th of December. In rural England it was deemed unlucky to do housework, put on new clothes or See also:pare the nails. At various places in See also:Gloucestershire, See also:Somerset and See also:Worcestershire muffled peals were See also:rung (Notes and Queries, 1st series, vol. viii. p. 617). In See also:Northampton the festival was called " Dyzemas Day " (possibly from Gr. &o- " See also:ill " and "See also:mass "), and there is a See also:- PROVERB (Lat. proverbium, from pro, forth, publicly, verbum, word; the Greek equivalent is irapolµia, from 7rapa, alongside, and oiµos, way, road, i.e. a wayside saying; Ger. Sprichwort)
proverb "What is begun on Dyzemas will never be finished." The Irish See also:call the day La Croasta na bliana, " the See also:cross day of the See also:year," or Diar dasin darg, " See also:blood See also:Thursday," and many legends attach to it (Notes and Queries, 4th series, vol. xii. p. 185). In See also:medieval England the children were reminded of the mournfulness of the day by being whipped in See also:bed on Innocents' See also:morning. This See also:custom survived to the 17th century.
End of Article: INNOCENT XIII
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