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LANGTON, STEPHEN (d. 1228)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 178 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LANGTON, See also:STEPHEN (d. 1228) ., See also:cardinal and See also:archbishop of See also:Canterbury, was the son of See also:English parents; but the date and See also:place of his See also:birth are unknown. Since he became See also:early in his career a See also:prebendary of See also:York, and since his See also:brother See also:Simon (d. 1248) was elected' to that see in 1215, we may suppose the See also:family to have been of See also:northern extraction. Stephen, however, migrated to See also:Paris, and having graduated in that university became one of its most celebrated theologians. This was probably the See also:time when he composed his voluminous commentaries (many of which still exist in See also:manuscript) and divided the See also:Bible into chapters. At Paris also he contracted the friend-See also:ship with Lothar of Segni, the future See also:Innocent III., which played so important a See also:part in shaping his career. Upon becoming See also:pope, Innocent summoned Langton to See also:Rome, and in 1206 designated him as cardinal-See also:priest of S. Chrysogonus. Immediately after-wards Langton was See also:drawn into the vortex of English politics. Archbishop See also:Hubert See also:Walter had died in 1205, and the See also:election of his successor had raised thorny questions. The suffragans of Canterbury claimed a See also:share in choosing the new See also:primate, although that right had been exclusively reserved to the monks of Canterbury by a papal See also:privilege; and See also:John supported the bishops since they were prepared to give their votes for his See also:candidate, John de See also:Gray, See also:bishop of See also:Norwich.

A party of the younger monks, to evade the See also:

double pressure of the See also:king and bishops, secretly elected their sub-See also:prior Reginald and sent him to Rome for See also:confirmation. The See also:plot leaked out; the See also:rest of the monks were induced to elect John de Gray, and he too was despatched to Rome. After See also:hearing the See also:case Innocent Pope Innocent, however, would not confirm this election, and the disappointed candidate threw himself into the contest between the English barons on the one See also:side and King John and the pope on the other. Later Simon made See also:peace with See also:Henry III. and was appointed See also:archdeacon of Canterbury; he was consulted by Pope See also:Gregory IX. and was sent to See also:France on See also:diplomatic business by Henry III.

End of Article: LANGTON, STEPHEN (d. 1228)

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