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See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
MARTIN V . (See also:Otto See also:Colonna) (1417—1431) was elected at See also:Con-stance on St Martin's See also:Day, in a See also:conclave composed of twenty-three cardinals and See also:thirty delegates from the five different " nations " of the See also:council. Son of Agapito Colonna, who had himself become a See also:bishop and See also:cardinal, the new See also:pope belonged to one of the greatest See also:Roman families; to See also:Urban VI. had been due his entry, as ref erendarius, upon an ecclesiastical career. Having become a cardinal under See also:Innocent VII., he had seceded from See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory XII. in 1408, and together with the other cardinals at See also:Pisa, had taken See also:part in the See also:election of See also:Alexander V. and afterwards of See also:John See also:XXIII. At See also:Constance, his role had been chiefly that of an arbiter; he was a See also:good and See also:gentle See also:man, leading a See also:simple See also:life, See also:free from intrigue. While refraining from making any pronouncement as to the validity of the decrees of the See also:fourth and fifth sessions, which had seemed to proclaim the superiority of the council over the pope, Martin V. nevertheless soon revealed his See also:personal feelings by having a constitution read in See also:consistory which forbade any See also:appeal from the See also:judgment of the See also:sovereign pontiff in matters of faith (May 1o, 1418). As to the reform, of which everybody See also:felt the See also:necessity, the fathers in council had not succeeded in arriving at any agreement.
Martin V. himself settled a See also:great number of points, and then passed a See also:series of See also:special concordats with See also:Germany, See also:France, See also:Italy, See also:Spain and See also:England. Though this was not the thorough reform of which need was felt, the council itself gave the pope a satisfecit. When the council was dissolved Martin V. made it his task to regain Italy. After staying for See also:long periods at See also:Mantua and See also:Florence, where the deposed pope, Baldassare See also:Cossa (John XXIII.), came and made submission to him, Martin V. was enabled to enter See also:Rome (See also:Sept. 30, 1420) and measure the extent of the ruins See also:left there by the Great See also:Schism of the See also:West. He set to See also:work to restore some of these ruins, to reconstitute and pacify the Papal See also:State, to put an end to the Schism, which showed signs of continuing in See also:Aragon and certain parts of See also:southern France; to enter into negotiations, unfortunately unfruitful, with the See also:Greek See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church also with a view to a return to unity, to organize the struggle against See also:heresy in Bohemia; to interpose his pacific See also:mediation between France and England, as well as between the parties which were rending France; and, finally, to welcome and See also:act as See also:patron to saintly re-formers like Bernardino of See also:Siena and Francesca See also:Romana, foundress of the See also:nursing sisterhood of the Oblate di Tor de' Specchi (1425).
In accordance with the See also:decree Frequens, and the promises which he had made, Martin V., after an See also:interval of five years, summoned a new council, which was almost immediately transferred from See also:Pavia to Siena, in consequence of an epidemic (1423). But the small number of fathers who attended at the latter See also:town, and above all, the disquieting tendencies whicl began to make themselves felt there, induced the pope to force on a See also:dissolution of the See also:synod. Pending the See also:reunion of the new council which had been summoned at See also:Basel for the end of a See also:period of seven years, Martin V. himself endeavoured to effect a See also:reformation in certain points, but he was carried off by See also:apoplexy (Feb. 20, 1431), just as he had designated the See also:young and brilliant Cardinal Giuliano Cesarini to preside in his See also:place over the council of Basel.
See L. Pastor, Geschichte der Papste (1901), i. 205-279; J. See also:Guiraud, L'E°tat pontifical acres le See also:Grand Schisme (1896); Mintz, See also:Les Arts a la tour See also:des gapes See also:pendant le xve et le xvie siecle (1878) ; N. See also:Valois, La Crise religieuse du xve siecle; le pape et le concile (1909), vol. i. p. i.—See also:xxix., 1-93. (N.
End of Article: MARTIN V
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