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ASKEW

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 763 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ASKEW , or AscuE, See also:

ANNE (1521?-1546), See also:English See also:Protestant See also:martyr, See also:born at Stallingborough about 1521, was the second daughter of See also:Sir See also:William Askew (d. 154o) of See also:South Kelsey, See also:Lincoln, by his first wife See also:Elizabeth, daughter of See also:Thomas Wrottesley. Her See also:elder See also:sister,_Martha, was betrothed by her parents to Thomas Kyme, a See also:Lincolnshire See also:justice of the See also:peace, but she died before See also:marriage, and Anne was induced or compelled to take her See also:place. She is said to have had two See also:children by Kyme, but religious See also:differences and incompatibility of temperament soon estranged the couple. Kyme was apparently an unimaginative See also:man of the See also:world, while Anne took to See also:Bible-See also:reading with zeal, became convinced of the falsity of the See also:doctrine of See also:transubstantiation, and created some stir in Lincoln by her disputations. According to See also:Bale and See also:Foxe her See also:husband turned her out of doors, but in the privy See also:council See also:register she is said to have " refused Kyme to be her husband without any honest allegation." She had as See also:good -a See also:reason for repudiating her husband as See also:Henry VIII. for repudiating Anne of See also:Cleves. In any See also:case, she came to See also:London and made See also:friends with See also:Joan Bocher, who was already known for heterodoxy, and other Protestants. She was examined for See also:heresy in See also:March 1J45 by the See also:lord See also:mayor, and was committed to the See also:Counter See also:prison. Then she was examined by See also:Bonner, the See also:bishop of London, who See also:drew up a See also:form of recantation which he entered in his register. This fact led See also:Parsons and other See also:Catholic historians to See also:state that she actually recanted, but she refused to sign Bonner's form without qualification. Two months later, on the 24th of May, the privy council ordered her See also:arrest. On the 13th of See also:June 1545, she was arraigned as a sacramentarian under the Six Articles at the See also:Guildhall; but no See also:witness appeared against her; she was declared not guilty by the See also:jury and discharged after paying her fees.

The reactionary party, which, owing to the See also:

absence of See also:Hertford and See also:Lisle and to the presence of See also:Gardiner, gained the upper See also:hand in the council in the summer of 1546, were not satisfied with this repulse; they probably aimed at the leaders of the reforming party, such as Hertford and possibly See also:Queen See also:Catherine See also:Parr, who were suspected of favouring Anne, and on the 18th of June 1546 Anne was again arraigned before a See also:commission including the lord mayor, the See also:duke of See also:Norfolk, St See also:John, Bonner and See also:Heath. No jury was empanelled and no witnesses were called; she was condemned, simply on her See also:confession, to be burnt. On the same See also:day she was called before the privy council with her husband. Kyme was sent See also:home into Lincolnshire, but Anne was committed to Newgate, " for that she was very obstinate and heady in reasoning of matters of See also:religion." On the following day she was taken to the See also:Tower and racked; according to Anne's own statement, as recorded by Bale, the lord See also:chancellor, Wriothesley, and the See also:solicitor-See also:general, See also:Rich, worked the See also:rack themselves; but she " would not convert for all the See also:pain " (Wriothesley, See also:Chronicle i. 168). Her See also:torture, disputed by Jardine, See also:Lingard and others, is substantiated not only by her own narrative, but by two See also:con-temporary See also:chronicles, and by a contemporary See also:letter (ibid.; Narratives of the See also:Reformation, p. 305; See also:Ellis, See also:Original Letters, and See also:Ser. ii. 177). For four See also:weeks she was See also:left in prison, and at length on the 16th of See also:July, she was burnt at Smithfield in the presence of the same persecuting dignitaries who had condemned her to See also:death. ASMA'I [See also:Abu Said 'Abd ul-Malik See also:ibn Quraib] (c. 739-831), Arabian See also:scholar, was born of pure Arab stock in See also:Basra and was a See also:pupil there of Abu 'Amr ibn ul-`See also:Ala. He seems to have been a poor man until by the See also:influence of the See also:governor of Basra he was brought to the See also:notice of See also:Harun al-Rashid, who enjoyed his conversation at See also:court and made him See also:tutor of his son.

He became wealthy and acquired See also:

property in Basra, where he again settled for a See also:time; but returned later to See also:Bagdad, where he died in 831. Asma'i was one of the greatest scholars of his See also:age. From his youth he stored up in his memory the sacred words of the See also:Koran, the traditions of the See also:Prophet, the verses of the old poets and the stories of the See also:ancient See also:wars of the See also:Arabs. He was also a student of See also:language and a critic. It was as a critic that he was the See also:great See also:rival of Abu 'Ubaida (q.v.). While the latter followed (or led) the Shu'ubite See also:movement and declared for the excellence of all things not Arabian, Asma'I was the pious Moslem and avowed supporter of the superiority of the Arabs over all peoples, and of the freedom of their language and literature from all See also:foreign influence. Some of his scholars attained high See also:rank as See also:literary men. Of Asma'i's many See also:works mentioned in the See also:catalogue known as the Fihrist, only about See also:half a dozen are extant. Of these the See also:Book of Distinction has been edited by D. H. See also:Muller (See also:Vienna, 1876); the Book of the See also:Wild Animals by R. Geyer (Vienna, 1887); the Book of the See also:Horse, by A.

Haffner (Vienna, 1893); the Book of the See also:

Sheep, by A. Haffner (Vienna, 1896). For See also:life of Asma'i, see Ibn Khallik5n, See also:Biographical See also:Dictionary, translated from the Arabic by McG. de Slane (See also:Paris and London, 1842), vol. H. pp. 123-127. For his See also:work as a grammarian, G. See also:Flugel, See also:Die grammatischen Schulen der Araber (See also:Leipzig, 1862), pp. 72-80. (G. W.

End of Article: ASKEW

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