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BABENBERG , the name of a Franconian See also:family which held the duchy of See also:Austria before the rise of the See also:house of See also:Habsburg. Its earliest known ancestor was one See also:Poppo, who See also:early in the 9th See also:century was See also:count in Grapfeld. One of his sons, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry, called See also:margrave and See also:duke in See also:Franconia, See also:fell fighting against the See also:Normans in 886; another, Poppo, was margrave in Thuringia from 88o to 892, when he was deposed by the See also:German See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king See also:Arnulf. The family had been favoured by the See also:emperor See also:Charles the See also:Fat, but Arnulf reversed this policy in favour of the See also:rival family of the Conradines. The leaders of the Babenbergs were the three sons of Duke Henry, who called themselves after their See also:castle of Babenberg on the upper See also:Main, See also:round which their possessions centred. The rivalry between the two families was intensified by their efforts to extend their authority in the region of the See also:middle Main, and this See also:quarrel, known as the " Babenberg See also:feud," came to a See also:head at the beginning of the loth century during the
troubled reign of the German king, See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis the See also:Child. Two of the Babenberg See also:brothers were killed, and the survivor See also:Adalbert was summoned before the imperial See also:court by the See also:regent Hatto I., See also:archbishop of See also:Mainz, a See also:partisan of the Conradines. He refused to appear, held his own for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in his castle at Theres against the king's forces, but surrendered in 906, and in spite of a promise of safe-conduct was beheaded. From this time the Babenbergs lost their See also:influence in Franconia; but in 976 See also:Leopold, a member of the family who was a count in the Donnegau, is described as margrave of the See also:East See also:Mark, a See also:district not more than 6o m. in breadth on the eastern frontier of See also:Bavaria which See also:grew into the duchy of Austria. Leopold, who probably received the mark as a See also:reward for his fidelity to the emperor See also:Otto II. during the Bavarian rising in 976, extended its See also:area at the expense of the Hungarians, and was succeeded in 994 by his son Henry I. Henry, who continued his See also:father's policy, was followed in ror8 by his See also:brother Adalbert and in 1055 by his See also:nephew Ernest, whose marked See also:loyalty to the emperors Henry III. and Henry IV. was rewarded by many tokens of favour. The succeeding margrave, Leopold II., quarrelled with Henry IV., who was unable to oust him from the mark or to prevent the See also:succession of his son Leopold III. in 1096. Leopold supported Henry, son of Henry IV., in his rising against his father, but was soon See also:drawn over to the emperor's See also:side, and in 1106 married his daughter See also:Agnes, widow of See also:Frederick I., duke of See also:Swabia. He declined the imperial See also:crown in 1125. His zeal in See also:founding monasteries earned for him his surname " the Pious," and See also:canonization by See also:Pope See also:Innocent VIII. in 1485. He is regarded as the See also:patron See also:saint of Austria. One of Leopold's sons was Otto, See also:bishop of See also:Freising (q.v.). His eldest son, Leopold IV., became margrave in 1136, and in 1139 received from the German king See also:Conrad III. the duchy of Bavaria, which had been forfeited by Duke Henry the Proud. Leopold's brother Henry (surnamed Jasomirgott from his favourite See also:oath, " So help me See also:God!") was made count See also:palatine of the See also:Rhine in 1140, and became margrave of Austria on Leopold's See also:death in 1141. Having married Gertrude, the widow of Henry the Proud, he was invested in 1143 with the duchy of Bavaria, and resigned his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office as count palatine. In 1147 he went on crusade, and after his return renounced Bavaria at the instance of the new king Frederick I. As See also:compensation for this, Austria, the See also:capital of which had been transferred to See also:Vienna in 1146, was erected into a duchy. The second duke was Henry's son Leopold I., who succeeded him in 1177 and took See also:part in the See also:crusades of 1182 and 1190. In See also:Palestine he quarrelled with See also:Richard I., king of See also:England, captured him on his See also:home-See also:- WARD
- WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
- WARD, ARTEMUS
- WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
- WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
- WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
- WARD, JAMES (1843– )
- WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
- WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
- WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
- WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
- WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)
ward See also:journey and handed him over to the emperor Henry VI. Leopold increased the territories of the Babenbergs by acquiring See also:Styria in 1192 under the will of his kinsman Duke Ottakar IV. He died in 1194, and Austria fell to one son, Frederick, and Styria to another, Leopold; but on Frederick's death in 1198 they were again See also:united by Duke Leopold II., surnamed " the Glorious." The new duke fought against the infidel in See also:Spain, See also:Egypt and Palestine, but is more celebrated as a lawgiver, a patron of letters and a founder of towns. Under him Vienna became the centre of culture in See also:Germany and the See also:great school of See also:Minnesingers (q.v.). His later years were spent in strife with his son Frederick, and he died in 1230 at See also:San Germano, whither he had gone to arrange the See also:peace between the emperor Frederick II. and Pope See also:- GREGORY
- GREGORY (Gregorius)
- GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
- GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
- GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
- GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
- GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
- GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)
Gregory IX. His son Frederick II. followed as duke, and earned the name of " Quarrelsome " by See also:constant struggles with the See also:kings of See also:Hungary and Bohemia and with the emperor. He deprived his See also:mother and sisters of their possessions, was hated by his subjects on See also:account of his oppressions, and in 1236 was placed under the imperial See also:ban and driven from Austria. Restored when the emperor was excommunicated, he treated in vain with Frederick for the erection of Austria into a See also:kingdom. He was killed in See also:battle in 1246, when the male See also:line of the Babenbergs became See also:extinct. The See also:city of See also:Bamberg grew up around the ancestral castle of the family.
See G. ruritsch, Geschichte der Babenberger and ihrer See also:Lander (See also:Innsbruck, 1894) ; M. Schmitz, Oesterreichs Scheyern-Wittelsbacher See also:oder See also:die Dynastie der Babenberger (See also:Munich, 188o).
End of Article: BABENBERG
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