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BAFFIN, WILLIAM (1584–1622)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 192 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BAFFIN, See also:WILLIAM (1584–1622) , See also:English navigator and discoverer. Nothing is known of his See also:early See also:life, but it is conjectured that he was See also:born in See also:London of humble origin, and gradually raised himself by his See also:diligence and perseverance. The earliest mention of his name occurs in 1612, in connexion withan expedition in See also:search of a See also:North-See also:West Passage, under the orders of See also:Captain See also:James See also:Hall, whom he accompanied as See also:chief See also:pilot. Captain Hall was murdered in a fight with the natives on the west See also:coast of See also:Greenland, and during the two following years Baffin served in the See also:Spitsbergen See also:whale-See also:fishery, at that See also:time controlled by the Muscovy See also:Company. In 1615 he entered the service of the Company for the See also:discovery of the North-West Passage, and accompanied Captain See also:Robert B.ylot as pilot of the little See also:ship " Discovery," and now carefully examined See also:Hudson Strait. The accuracy of Baffin's tidal and astronomical observations on this voyage was confirmed in a remarkable manner by See also:Sir See also:Edward See also:Parry, when passing over the same ground, two centuries later (1821). In the following See also:year Baffin again sailed as pilot of the " Discovery," and passing up See also:Davis Strait discovered the See also:fine See also:bay to the north which now bears his name, together with the magnificent See also:series of straits which radiate from its See also:head and were named by him See also:Lancaster, See also:Smith and See also:Jones Sounds, in See also:honour of the generous patrons of his voyages. On this voyage he had sailed over 300 m. farther north than his predecessor Davis, and for 236 years his farthest north (about See also:lat. 770 45') remained unsurpassed in that See also:sea. All hopes, however, seemed now ended of discovering a passage to See also:India by this route, and in course of time even Baffin's discoveries came to be doubted until they were re-discovered by Captain See also:Ross in 1818. Baffin next took service with the See also:East India Company, and in 1617–1619 performed a voyage to See also:Surat in See also:British India, and on his return received the See also:special recognition of the Company for certain valuable surveys of the Red Sea and See also:Persian Gulf which he had made in the course of the voyage. Early in 162o he again sailed to the East, and in the Anglo-Persian attack on See also:Kishm in the Persian Gulf, preparatory to the reduction of Ormuz, he received his See also:death-See also:wound and died on the 23rd of See also:January 1622.

Besides the importance of his See also:

geographical discoveries, Baffin is to be remembered for the importance and accuracy of his numerous scientific and magnetic observations, for one of which (the determination of See also:longitude at sea by lunar observation) the honour is claimed of being the first of its See also:kind on See also:record.

End of Article: BAFFIN, WILLIAM (1584–1622)

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