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BEAUREGARD, PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT (1...

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 599 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BEAUREGARD, See also:PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT (1818-1893) , See also:American soldier, was See also:born near New See also:Orleans, See also:Louisiana, on the 28th of May 1818. At the See also:United States military See also:academy he graduated second in his class in See also:July 1838, and was appointed See also:lieutenant of engineets. In the Mexican See also:War he distinguished himself in See also:siege operations at See also:Vera Cruz, and took See also:part in all the battles around See also:Mexico, being wounded at Chapultepec, and receiving the brevets of See also:captain and See also:major. In 1853 he became captain and was in See also:charge of fortification and other engineer See also:works of various points, on the Gulf See also:coast from 1853 to 186o. He had just been appointed See also:superintendent of See also:West Point when the See also:secession of his See also:state brought about his resignation (loth See also:February 1861). As a brigadier-See also:general of the new Confederate See also:army he directed the See also:bombardment of Fort See also:Sumter, S.C. As the See also:commander of the See also:Southern " Army of the See also:Potomac " he opposed McDowell's advance to See also:Bull Run, and during the See also:battle was second in command under See also:Joseph E. See also:Johnston, who had joined him on the previous evening. He was one of the five full generals appointed in See also:August 1861, and in 1862 was second in command under See also:Sidney Johnston on the See also:Tennessee. After Johnston's See also:death he directed the battle of See also:Shiloh, subsequent to which he retired to See also:Corinth. This See also:place he defended against the united armies under See also:Halleck, until the end of May 1862, when he retreated in See also:good See also:order to the southward. His See also:health now failing, he was employed in less active See also:work.

He defended See also:

Charleston against the See also:Union forces from See also:September 1862 to See also:April 1864. In May 1864 he fought a severe and eventually successful battle at See also:Drury's See also:Bluff against General See also:Butler and the Army of the See also:James. Later in the See also:year he endeavoured to gather troops wherewith to oppose See also:Sherman's advance from See also:Atlanta, and eventually surrendered with Johnston's forces in April 1865. After the war he engaged in railway management, became See also:adjutant-general of his state and managed the Louisiana lottery. He declined high commands which were offered to him in the Rumanian and later in the See also:Egyptian armies. General Beauregard died in New Orleans on the loth of February 1893. He was the author of Principles and See also:Maxims of the See also:Art of War (Charleston, 1863); See also:Report on the See also:Defence of Charleston (See also:Richmond, 1864). See See also:Alfred See also:Roman, Military Operations of General Beauregard (New See also:York, 1883).

End of Article: BEAUREGARD, PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT (1818-1893)

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