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BHAGALPUR

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 843 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BHAGALPUR , a See also:

city of See also:British See also:India, in the See also:Behar See also:province of See also:Bengal, which gives its name to a See also:district and to a See also:division; situated on the right See also:bank of the See also:Ganges, 265 m: from See also:Calcutta. It is a station on the See also:East See also:Indian railway. Pop. (1901) 75,760, showing an increase of 9% in the See also:decade. The See also:chief educational institution is the Tejnarayan See also:Jubilee See also:college (1887), supported almost entirely by fees. Adjacent to the See also:town are the two See also:Augustus See also:Cleveland monuments, one erected by See also:government, and the other by the See also:Hindus, to the memory of the civilian, who, as See also:collector of Bhagalpur at the end of the 18th See also:century, " by conciliation, confidence and benevolence, attempted and accomplished the entire subjection of the lawless and See also:savage inhabitants of the Jungleterry of RajmahaI." The DISTRICT OF BHAGALPUR stretches across both See also:banks of the Ganges. It has an See also:area of 4226 sq. m. In 1901 the See also:population was 2,088,953, showing an increase of 3 % in the decade. Bhagalpur is a See also:long and narrow district, divided into two unequal parts by the See also:river Ganges. In the See also:southern portion of the district the scenery in parts of the See also:hill-ranges and the See also:highlands which connect them is very beautiful. The hills are of See also:primary formation, with See also:fine masses of contorted See also:gneiss. The ground is broken up into picturesque See also:gorges and deep ravines, and the whole is covered with fine See also:forest trees and a See also:rich under-growth.

Within this portion also See also:

lie the lowlands of Bhagalpur, fertile, well planted, well watered, and highly cultivated. The See also:country See also:north of the Ganges is level, but beautifully diversified with trees and verdure. Three fine See also:rivers flow through the district—the Ganges, Kusi and Ghagri. The Ganges runs a course of 6o m, through Bhagalpur, is navigable all the See also:year See also:round, and has an See also:average width of 3 M. The Kusi rises in the Himalayas and falls into the Ganges near Colgong within Bhagalpur. It is a fine stream, navigable up to the See also:foot of the hills, and receives the Ghagri 8 in. above its debouchure. In the See also:early days of British See also:administration the hill See also:people,, the Nats and See also:Santals, gave much trouble. They were the See also:original inhabitants of the country whom the See also:Aryan conquerors had driven back into the barren hills and unhealthy forests. This they avenged from See also:generation to generation by plundering and ravaging the plains. The efforts to subdue or restrain these marauders proved fruitless, till Augustus Cleveland won them by mild See also:measures, and successfully made over the See also:protection of the district to the very hill people who a few years before had been its See also:scourge. See also:Rice, See also:wheat, See also:barley, oats, Indian See also:corn, various kinds of See also:millet, pulses, oil-seeds, See also:tobacco, See also:cotton, See also:indigo, See also:opium, See also:flax and See also:hemp and See also:sugar-See also:cane, are the See also:principal agricultural products of Bhagalpur district. The jungles afford See also:good pasturage in the hot See also:weather, and abound in See also:lac, See also:silk cocoons, See also:catechu, See also:resin and the mahud See also:fruit, which is both used as fruit and for the manufacture of See also:spirits.

See also:

Lead ores (chiefly argentiferous See also:galena) and See also:building See also:stone are found, and See also:iron ore is distributed over the hilly country. Attempts made to See also:work the galena in 1878–79 and 1900 were abandoned, and the iron ore is little worked. See also:Gold is washed from the river See also:sand in small particles. The See also:climate of Bhagalpur partakes of the See also:character both of the deltaic districts of Bengal and of the districts of Behar, between which it is situated. The hot See also:season sets in about the end of See also:March, and continues till the beginning of See also:June, the temperature at this See also:time rising as high as I ro° Fahr. The rains usually begin at the end of June and last till the See also:middle of See also:September; average See also:annual rainfall, 55 in. The See also:cold season commences at the beginning of See also:November and lasts till March. During See also:December and See also:January the temperature falls as See also:low as 4r° Fahr. The average annual temperature is 78°. Bhagalpur formed a See also:part of the See also:ancient See also:Sanskrit See also:kingdom of Anga. In later times it was included in the powerful See also:Hindu kingdom of See also:Magadha or Behar, and in the 7th century A.D. it was an See also:independent See also:state, with the city of Champa for its See also:capital. It afterwards formed a part of the See also:Mahommedan kingdom of See also:Gaur, and was subsequently subjugated by See also:Akbar, who declared it to be a part of the See also:Delhi See also:empire.

Bhagalpur passed to the East India See also:

Company by the See also:grant of the See also:emperor Shah Alam in 1765. There are indigo factories, and other See also:industries include the See also:weaving of tussur silk and the making of coarse See also:glass. A large See also:trade is carried on by See also:rail and river with See also:Lower Bengal. The See also:tract See also:south of the Ganges is traversed by the See also:loop-See also:line of the East Indian railway, and there is also a railway across the See also:northern tract. The DIVISION OF BHAGALPUR stretches across the Ganges from the See also:Nepal frontier to the hills of See also:Chota See also:Nagpur. It comprises the five districts of See also:Monghyr, Bhagalpur, See also:Purnea, See also:Darjeeling, and the See also:Santal Parganas. The See also:total area is 19,776 sq. m.; and in 1901 the population was 8,091,405.

End of Article: BHAGALPUR

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