|
See also:CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus, Fr. concombre, O. Fr. coucombre, whence the older See also:English spelling and See also:pronunciation " cowcumber," the See also:standard in See also:England up to the beginning of the 18th See also:century) , a creeping plant of the natural See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order See also:Cucurbitaceae. It is widely cultivated, and originated probably in See also:northern See also:India, where See also:Alphonse de See also:Candolle affirms (Origin of Cultivated See also:Plants) that it has been cultivated for at least three thousand years. It spread westward to See also:Europe and was cultivated by the See also:ancient Greeks under the name viiwos; it did not reach See also:China until two See also:hundred years before the See also:Christian era. It is an See also:annual with a rough succulent trailing See also:stem and stalked hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes; the stem bears branched tendrils by means of which the plant can be trained to supports. The See also:short-stalked, See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell-shaped See also:flowers are unisexual, but staminate and pistillate are See also:borne on the same plant; the latter are recognized by the swollen warty See also:green ovary below the See also:rest of the See also:flower. The ovary develops into the " cucumber " without fertilization, and unless seeds are wanted, it is advisable to pinch off the male flowers.
There are a See also:great many varieties of cucumber in cultivation, which may be grouped under the two headings (1) forcing, (2). See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field varieties.
1. The former are large-leaved strong-growing plants, not suited to outdoor culture, with See also:long smooth-rinded See also:fruit; there are many excellent varieties such as See also:Telegraph, See also:Sion See also:House, See also:duke of See also:Edinburgh, &c. The plants are grown in a hot-See also:bed which is prepared towards the end of See also:February from See also:rich See also:stable manure, leaves, &c. A rich turfy See also:loam with a little well-decomposed stable manure forms a See also:good See also:soil. The seeds are sown singly in rich, sandy soil in small pots See also:early in February and plunged in a bottom See also:heat. After they have made one or two foliage-leaves the seedlings are transferred to larger pots, and ultimately about the See also:middle of See also:March to the hot-bed. Each plant is placed in the centre of a See also:mound of soil about a See also:foot deep and well watered with tepid See also:water. The plants should be well watered during their growing See also:period, and the foliage sprinkled or syringed two or three times a See also:day. In See also:bright See also:sunshine the plants are lightly shaded. When grown in frames the tops of the See also:main stems are pinched off when the stems are about 2 ft. long; this causes the development of See also:side shoots on which fruits are borne. When these have produced one or two fruits, they are also stopped at the See also:joint beyond the fruit. When grown in green-houses the vines may be allowed to reach the full length of the house before they are stopped. To keep the fruits straight they may be grown in cylindrical See also:glass tubes about a foot long, or along narrow wooden troughs. If seeds are required one or more See also:female flowers should be selected and See also:pollen from male flower placed on their stigmas.
2. The outdoor varieties are known as See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill or See also:ridge cucumbers. They may be grown in any good soil. A warm, sheltered spot with a See also:south aspect and a mound of rich, sandy loam with a little See also:leaf-See also:mould placed over a hot-bed of dung and leaves is recommended. The mounds or ridges should be 4 to 5 ft. apart, and one plant is placed in the centre of each. The seeds are sown in March in See also:light, rich soil in small pots with See also:gentle heat. The seedlings are repotted and well hardened for planting out in See also:June. The plants must be well watered in and, until established, shaded by a See also:hand-light from bright sunshine. When the leading shoots are from 11 to 2 ft. long the tips are pinched off to induce the formation of fruit-bearing side-shoots. If See also:seed is required a pistillate
flower is selected and pollinated. There are numerous varieties distinguished by See also:size and the smooth or prickly rind. See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King of the Ridge has smooth fruits a foot or more long; gherkin, a short, prickly See also:form, is much used for pickling.
Cucumber is subject to the attacks of green See also:fly, red spider and thrips; for the two latter, infected leaves should be sponged with soapy water; for green fly careful fumigating is necessary.
The See also:Sikkim cucumber, C. satires See also:var. sikkimensis, is a large fruited form, reaching 15 in. long by 6 in. thick, grown in the Himalayas of Sikkim and See also:Nepal. It was discovered by See also:Sir See also:Joseph See also:- HOOKER, JOSEPH (1814–1879)
- HOOKER, RICHARD (1553-1600)
- HOOKER, SIR JOSEPH DALTON (1817— English botanist and traveller, second son of the famous botanist Sir W.J.Hooker, was born on the 3oth of June 1817, at Halesworth, Suffolk. He was educated at Glasgow University, and almost immediately after taking his M.
- HOOKER, SIR WILLIAM JACKSON (1785–1865)
- HOOKER, THOMAS (1586–1647)
Hooker in the eastern Himalayas in 1848. He says " so abundant were the fruits, that for days together I saw gnawed fruits lying by the natives' paths by thousands, and every See also:man, woman and See also:child seemed engaged throughout the day in devouring them." The fruit is reddish-See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown, marked with yellow, and is eaten both raw and cooked.
The See also:West India gherkin is Cucumis Anguria, a plant with small, slender vines, and very abundant small See also:ellipsoid green fruit covered with warts and spines. It is used for pickling.
Cucumbers were much esteemed by the ancients. According to See also:Pliny, the See also:emperor Tiberius was supplied with them daily, both in summer and See also:winter. The kishuim or cucumbers of the scriptures (Num. xi. 5; Isa. i. 8) were probably a See also:wild form of C. Melo, the See also:melon, a plant See also:common in See also:Egypt, where a drink is prepared from the ripe fruit. See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter See also:Forskal, one of the early botanical writers on the See also:country, describes its preparation. The pulp is broken and stirred by means of a stick thrust through a hole cut at the umbilicus of the fruit; the hole is then closed with See also:wax, and the fruit, without removing it from its stem, is buried in a little See also:- PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)
pit; after some days the pulp is found to be converted into an agreeable liquor (see See also:Flora aegyptiacoarabica, p. 168, 1775). The squirting cucumber, Ecballium See also:Elaterium, the Elicvos a-yptos of See also:Theophrastus, furnishes the See also:drug elaterium (q.v.).
See Naudin in Annal. See also:des sci. nat. See also:ser. 4 (See also:Botany), t. xi. (1859); G. See also:Nicholson, See also:Dictionary of Gardening (1885) ; L. H. See also:Bailey, Cyclopaedia of See also:American See also:Horticulture (190.
End of Article: CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus, Fr. concombre, O. Fr. coucombre, whence the older English spelling and pronunciation " cowcumber," the standard in England up to the beginning of the 18th century)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!