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DUMONT, PIERRE ETIENNE LOUIS (1759-1829)

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 666 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DUMONT, See also:PIERRE See also:ETIENNE See also:LOUIS (1759-1829) , See also:French See also:political writer, was See also:born on the 18th of See also:July 1759 at See also:Geneva, of which his See also:family had been citizens of See also:good repute from the days of See also:Calvin. He was educated for the See also:ministry at the See also:college of Geneva, and in 1781 was chosen one of the pastors of the See also:city. The political troubles which disturbed Geneva in 1782, however, suddenly turned the course of his See also:life. He belonged to the liberals or democrats, and the See also:triumph of the aristocratic party, through the interference of the courts of See also:France and See also:Sardinia, made See also:residence in his native See also:town impossible, though he was not among the" number of the proscribed. He therefore went to join his See also:mother and sisters at St See also:Petersburg. In this he was probably influenced in See also:part by the example of his townsman Pierre Lefort, the first See also:tutor, See also:minister, and See also:general of the See also:tsar. At St Petersburg he was for eighteen months pastor of the French See also:church. In 1785 he removed to See also:London, See also:Lord Shelburne, then a minister of See also:state, having invited him to undertake the See also:education of his sons. It was at the See also:house of Lord Shelburne, now 1st See also:marquess of See also:Lansdowne, where he was treated as a friend or rather member of the family, that he became acquainted with many illustrious men, amongst others See also:Fox, See also:Sheridan, Lord See also:Holland and See also:Sir See also:Samuel See also:Romilly. With the last of these he formed a See also:close and enduring friendship, which had an important See also:influence on his life and pursuits. In 1788 Dumont visited See also:Paris with Romilly. During a stay of two months in that city he had almost daily intercourse with See also:Mirabeau, and a certain See also:affinity of talents and pursuits led to an intimacy between two persons diametrically opposed to each other in habits and in See also:character.

On his return from Paris Dumont made the acquaintance of See also:

Jeremy See also:Bentham. Filled with admiration for the See also:genius of Bentham, Dumont made it one of the See also:chief See also:objects of his life to recast and edit the writings of the See also:great See also:English jurist in a See also:form suitable for the See also:ordinary See also:reading public. This See also:literary relationship was, according to Dumont's own See also:account, one of a somewhat See also:peculiar character. All the fundamental ideas and most of the illustrative material were supplied in the' See also:manuscripts of Bentham; Dumont's task was chiefly to abridge by striking out repeated See also:matter, to See also:supply lacunae, to secure uniformity of See also:style, and to improve the French. The following See also:works of Bentham were published under his editorship: Traite de legislation civile et penale (1802), Theorie See also:des peines et des recompenses (1811), Tactique des assemblees legislatives (1815), Trait' des preuves judiciaires (1823) and De l'organization judiciaire et de la codification (1828). In the summer of 1789 Dumont went to Paris. The See also:object of the See also:journey was to obtain through See also:Necker, who had just returned to See also:office, an unrestricted restoration of Genevese See also:liberty, by cancelling the treaty of See also:guarantee between France and Switzer-See also:land, which prevented the See also:republic from enacting new See also:laws without the consent of the parties to this treaty. The proceedings and negotiations to which this See also:mission gave rise necessarily brought Dumont into connexion with most of the leading men in the Constituent See also:Assembly, and made him an interested spectator, sometimes even a participator, indirectly, in the events of the French Revolution. The same cause also led him to renew his acquaintance with Mirabeau, whom he found occupied with his duties as a See also:deputy, and with the See also:composition of his See also:journal, the See also:Courier de See also:Provence. For a See also:time Dumont took an active and very efficient part in the conduct of this journal, supplying it with reports as well as See also:original articles, and also furnishing Mirabeau with speeches to be delivered or rather read in the assembly, as related in his highly instructive and interesting See also:posthumous See also:work entitled Souvenirs sur Mirabeau (1832). In fact his friend See also:George See also:Wilson used to relate that one See also:day, when they were dining together at a table d'hote at See also:Versailles, he saw Dumont engaged in See also:writing the most celebrated See also:paragraph of Mirabeau's address to the See also:king for the removal of the troops. He also reported such of Mirabeau's speeches as he did not write, embellishing them from his own stores, which were inexhaustible.

But this co-operation soon came to an end; for, being attacked in See also:

pamphlets as one of Mirabeau's writers, he See also:felt hurt at the notoriety thus given to his name in connexion with a See also:man occupying Mirabeau's peculiar position, and returned to See also:England in 1791. In 18or he travelled over various parts of See also:Europe with Lord See also:Henry See also:Petty, afterwards 3rd marquess of Lansdowne, and on his return settled down to the editorship of the works of Bentham already mentioned. In 1814 the restoration of Geneva to in-dependence induced Dumont to return to his native See also:place, and he soon became the See also:leader of the supreme See also:council. He devoted particular See also:attention to the judicial and penal systems of his native state, and many improvements on both are due to him. He died at See also:Milan when on an autumn tour on the 29th of See also:September 1829.

End of Article: DUMONT, PIERRE ETIENNE LOUIS (1759-1829)

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