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GIUSTINIANI

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 55 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GIUSTINIANI , the name of a prominent See also:

Italian See also:family which originally belonged to See also:Venice, but established itself subsequently in See also:Genoa also, and at various times had representatives in See also:Naples, See also:Corsica and several of the islands of the See also:Archipelago. In the Venetian See also:line the following are most worthy of mention: I. LORENZO (1380–1465), the See also:Laurentius Justinianus of the See also:Roman See also:calendar, at an See also:early See also:age entered the See also:congregation of the canons of St See also:George in Alga, and in 1433 became See also:general of that See also:order. About the same See also:time he was made by See also:Eugenius IV. See also:bishop of Venice; and his episcopate was marked by considerable activity in See also:church See also:extension and reform. On the removal of the patriarchate from See also:Grado to Venice by See also:Nicholas V. in 1451, Giustiniani was promoted to that' dignity, which he held for fourteen years. He died on See also:January 8, 1465, was canonized by See also:Pope See also:Alexander VIII., his festival (semi-duplex) being fixed by See also:Innocent XII. for See also:September 5th, the anniversary of his See also:elevation to the bishopric. His See also:works, consisting of sermons, letters and ascetic See also:treatises, have been frequently reprinted,—the best edition being that of the See also:Benedictine P. N. A. Giustiniani, published at Venice in 2 vols. See also:folio, 1751. They are wholly devoid of See also:literary merit. His See also:life has been written by See also:Bernard Giustiniani, by See also:Maffei and also by the See also:Bollandists.

2. LEONARDO (1388–1446), See also:

brother of the preceding, was for some years a senator of Venice, and in 1443 was chosen See also:procurator of St See also:Mark. He translated into Italian See also:Plutarch's Lives of See also:Cinna and See also:Lucullus, and was the author of some poetical pieces, amatory and religious—strambotti and canzonetti—as well as of rhetorical See also:prose compositions. Some of the popular songs set to See also:music by him became known as Giustiniani. 3. BERNARDO (14o8–1489), son of Leonardo, was a See also:pupil of See also:Guarino and of George of See also:Trebizond, and entered the Venetian See also:senate at an early age. He served on several important See also:diplomatic See also:missions both to See also:France and See also:Rome, and about 1485 became one of the See also:council of ten. His orations and letters were published in 1492; but his See also:title to any measure of fame he possesses rests upon his See also:history of Venice, De origine urbis Venetiarum rebusque ab ipsa gestis historia (1492), which was translated into Italian by Domenichi in 1545, and which at the time of its See also:appearance was undoubtedly the best See also:work upon the subject of which it treated. It is to be found in vol. i. of the See also:Thesaurus of See also:Graevius. 4. PIETRO, also a senator, lived in the 16th See also:century, and wrote on Historia rerum Venetarum in continuation of that of Bernardo. He was also the author of See also:chronicles De gestis Petri Mocenigi and De belle Venetorum cum Carolo VIII.

The latter has been reprinted in the Script. rer. Ital. vol. xxi. Of the Genoese See also:

branch of the family the most prominent members were the following: 5. See also:PAOLO, DI MONIGLIA (1444–1502), a member of the order of See also:Dominicans, was, from a comparatively early age, See also:prior of their See also:convent at Genoa. As a preacher he was very successful, and his talents were fully recognized by successive popes, by whom he was made See also:master of the sacred See also:palace, inquisitor-general for all the Genoese dominions, and ultimately bishop of Scio and Hungarian See also:legate. He was the author of a number of Biblical commentaries (no longer extant), which are said to have been characterized by See also:great erudition. 6. AcosTINO (1470–1536) was See also:born at Genoa, and spent some See also:wild years in See also:Valencia, See also:Spain. Having in 1487 joined the Dominican order, he gave himself with great See also:energy to the study of See also:Greek, See also:Hebrew, See also:Chaldee and Arabic, and in 1514 began the preparation of a polyglot edition of the See also:Bible. As bishop of Nebbio in Corsica, he took See also:part in some of the earlier sittings of the Lateran council (1516–1517), but, in consequence of party complications, withdrew to his See also:diocese, and ultimately to France, where he became a pensioner of See also:Francis I., and was the first to occupy a See also:chair of Hebrew and Arabic in the university of See also:Paris. After an See also:absence from Corsica for a See also:period of five years, during which he visited See also:England and the See also:Low Countries, and became acquainted with See also:Erasmus and More, he returned to Nebbio, about 1522, and there remained, with comparatively little intermission, till in 1536, when, while returning from a visit to Genoa, he perished in a See also:storm at See also:sea. He was the possessor of a very See also:fine library, which he bequeathed to the See also:republic of Genoa.

Of his projected polyglot only the Psalter was published (Psalterium Hebraeum, Graecum, Arabicum, et Chaldaicum, Genoa, 1616). Besides the Hebrew See also:

text, the LXX. See also:translation, the Chaldee See also:paraphrase, and an Arabic version, contains the See also:Vulgate translation, a new Latin translation by the editor, a Latin translation of the Chaldee, and a collection of scholia. Giustiniani printed 2000 copies at his own expense, including fifty in vellum for presentation to the sovereigns of See also:Europe and See also:Asia; but the See also:sale of the work did not encourage him to proceed with the New Testament, which he had also prepared for the See also:press. Besides an edition of the See also:book of See also:Job, containing the See also:original text, the Vulgate, and a new translation,he published a Latin version of the Moreh Nevochim of See also:Maimonides (Director dubitantium See also:aut perplexorum, 1520), and also edited in Latin the Aureus libellus of See also:Aeneas Platonicus, and the See also:Timaeus of Chalcidius. His See also:annals of Genoa (Castigatissimi annali di Genova) were published posthumously in 1537. The following are also noteworthy:-- 7. PoMPEIO (1569–1616), a native of Corsica, who served under Alessandro See also:Farnese and the See also:marquis of See also:Spinola in the Low Countries, where he lost an See also:arm, and, from the artificial substitute which he wore, came to be known by the See also:sobriquet See also:Bras de Fer. He also defended See also:Crete against the See also:Turks; and subsequently was killed in a See also:reconnaissance at See also:Friuli. He See also:left in Italian a See also:personal narrative of the See also:war in See also:Flanders, which has been repeatedly published in a Latin translation (Bellum Belgicum, See also:Antwerp, 1609). 8. GIOVANNI (1513–1556), born in See also:Candia, translator of See also:Terence's See also:Andria and Eunuchus, of See also:Cicero's In Verrem, and of See also:Virgil's Aeneid, viii. 9.

ORSATTO (1538–1603), Venetian senator, translator of the See also:

Oedipus Tyrannus of See also:Sophocles and author of a collection of Rime, in See also:imitation of See also:Petrarch. He is regarded as one of the latest representatives of the classic Italian school. 10. GERONIM0, a Genoese, flourished during the latter See also:half of the 16th century. He translated the See also:Alcestis of See also:Euripides and three of the plays of Sophocles; and wrote two original tragedies, Tephte and Christo in Passione. II. VINCENZO, who in the beginning of the 17th century built the Roman palace and made the See also:art collection which are still associated with his name (see Galleria Giustiniana, Rome, 1631). The collection was removed in 1807 to Paris, where it was to some extent broken up. In 1815 all that remained of it, about 170 pictures, was See also:purchased by the See also:king of See also:Prussia and removed to See also:Berlin, where it forms a portion of the royal museum.

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