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See also:JOHN VIII ., See also:pope from 872 to 882, successor of See also:Adrian II., was a See also:Roman by See also:birth. His See also:chief aim during his pontificate was to defend the Roman See also:state and the authority of the See also:Holy See at See also:Rome from the See also:Saracens, and from the nascent See also:feudalism which was represented outside by the See also:dukes of See also:Spoleto and the marquises of See also:Tuscany and within by a party of Roman nobles. Events, however, were so fatally opposed to his designs that no sooner did one of his schemes begin to realize itself in fact than it was shattered by an unlooked-for See also:chance. To obtain an influential See also:alliance against his enemies, he agreed in 875, after See also:death had deprived him of his natural See also:protector, the See also:emperor See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis II., to bestow the imperial See also:crown on See also:Charles the Bald; but that monarch was too much occupied in See also:France to See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant him much effectual aid, and about the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the death of Charles he found it necessary to come to terms with the Saracens, who were only prevented from entering Rome by the promise of an See also:annual See also:tribute. See also:Carloman, the opponent of Charles's son Louis, soon after invaded See also:northern See also:Italy, and, securing the support of the bishops and See also:counts, demanded from the pope the imperial crown. John attempted to temporize, but See also:Lambert, See also:duke of Spoleto, a See also:partisan of Carloman, whom sickness had recalled to See also:Germany, entered Rome in 878 with an overwhelming force, and for See also:thirty days virtually held John a prisoner in St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's. Lambert was, however, unsuccessful in winning any concession from the pope, who after his withdrawal carried out a previous purpose of going to France. There he presided at the See also:council of See also:Troyes, which promulgated a See also:ban of See also:excommunication against the supporters of Carloman—amongst others See also:Adalbert of Tuscany, Lambert of Spoleto, and See also:Formosus, See also:bishop of See also:Porto, who was afterwards elevated to the papal See also:chair. In 879 John returned to Italy accompanied by Boso, duke of, See also:Provence, whom he adopted as his son, and made an unsuccessful See also:attempt to get recognized as See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of Italy. In the same See also:year he was compelled to give a promise of his See also:sanction to the claims of Charles the See also:Fat, who received from him the imperial crown in 881. Before this, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to secure the aid of the See also:Greek emperor against the Saracens, he had agreed to sanction the restoration of See also:Photius to the see of See also:Constantinople, and had withdrawn his consent on finding that he reaped from the concession no substantial benefit. Charles the Fat, partly from unwillingness, partly from natural inability, gave him also no effectual aid, and the last years of John VIII. were spent chiefly in hurling vain anathemas against his various See also:political enemies. According to the annalist of See also:Fulda, he was murdered by members of his See also:household. His successor was See also:Marinus.
End of Article: JOHN VIII
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