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MONTESPAN , FRANcOISE-ATHENAIS DE See also:PARDAILLAN, MARQUISE DE (1641-1707), See also:mistress of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV., was See also:born at the See also:chateau of Tonnay-See also:Charente (Charente-Inferieure), the daughter of See also:Gabriel de Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart. She was educated at the See also:Convent of St See also:Mary at See also:Saintes, and when she was twenty she became maid-of-See also:honour to See also:Queen Maria See also:Theresa. She married in See also:January 1663 L. H. de Pardaillan de Gondrin, See also:marquis de Montespan, who was a See also:year younger than herself. By him she had two See also:children, L. H. Pardaillan de Gondrin, duc d'Antin, born in 1665, and a daughter. Her brilliant and haughty beauty was only one of the Montespan's charms; she was a cultivated and amusing talker who won the admiration of such competent See also:judges as See also:Saint-See also:Simon and Mme de See also:Sevigne. Nevertheless she was a profound believer in See also:witchcraft, and La Reynie, the See also:chief See also:judge of the See also:court before which the famous poisoning cases were brought, places her first visits to La Voisin (q.v.) in 1665. She received from the sorceress love powders concocted of abominable ingredients for Louis XIV., and in 1666 the " See also:black See also:mass " was said by the See also:priest See also:Etienne Guibourg over her with the usual horrible ceremonial. In 1667 she gained her end, becoming Louis XIV.'s mistress in See also:July. Montespan astounded the court by openly resenting his wife's position. He made a See also:scandal by accusing Mme de See also:Montausier of acting as go-between in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to secure the governorship of the dauphin for her See also:husband. He even wore See also:mourning for his wife. Montespan was arrested, but released after a few days' imprisonment. The first of the seven children whom Mme de Montespan See also:bore to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king was born in See also:March 1669, and was entrusted to Mme See also:Scarron, the future Mme de See also:Maintenon, who acted as See also:companion to Mme de Montespan while the king was away at the See also:wars. Her children were legitimatized in 1673 without mention of the See also:mother's name for fear that Montespan might claim them. The eldest, Louis Auguste, became duc de See also:Maine, the second, Louis Cesar, See also:comte de Vexin, and the third, See also:Louise Francoise, demoiselle de See also:Nantes (afterwards duchess of See also:Bourbon). Mean-while Montespan had been compelled to retire to See also:Spain, and in 1674 an See also:official separation was declared by the procureur-See also:general Achille de Harlay, assisted by six judges at the See also:Chatelet. When Louis's affections showed signs of cooling, Mme de Montespan had recourse to magic. In 1675 See also:absolution was refused to the king, with the result that his mistress was driven from the court for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. It has been thought that she had conceived the intention of poisoning even as See also:early as 1676, but in 1679 Louis's intrigue with A gelique de Fontanges and her own relegation to the position of See also:superintendent of the queen's See also:household brought matters to a crisis. Mlle de Fontanges died a natural See also:death in 1681, though poisoning was suspected. Meanwhile suspicion was thrown on Mme de Montespan's connexion with La Voisin and her See also:- CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
- CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)
crew by the frequent recurrence of her maid's name, Mlle Desoeillets, in the See also:evidence brought before the Chambre Ardente. From the end of 168o onwards See also:Louvois, See also:Colbert and Mme de Maintenon all helped to hush up the affair and to prevent further scandal about the mother of the king's legitimatized children. Louis XIV. continued to spend some time daily in her apartments, and apparently her brilliance and See also:charm in conversation mitigated to some extent her position of discarded mistress. In 1691 she retired to the Convent of St See also:Joseph with a See also:pension of See also:half a million francs. Her See also:father was See also:governor of See also:Paris, her See also:brother, the duc de Vivonne, a See also:marshal of See also:France, and one of her sisters,
Gabrielle, whose vows were but four years old, became See also:abbess of the wealthy community of See also:Fontevrault. Besides the expenses of her houses and equipage Mme de Montespan spent vast sums on hospitals and charities. She was also a generous See also:patron of letters, and befriended See also:Corneille, See also:Racine and La See also:Fontaine. The last years of her See also:life were given up to See also:penance. When she died at Bourbon 1'Archambault on the 27th of May 1707 the king forbade her children to See also:wear mourning for her. Real regret was See also:felt for her by the duchess of Bourbon and by her younger children—Francoise See also:Marie, Mlle de See also:Blois (1677-1749), married in 1692 to the future See also:regent See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, then duc de See also:Chartres, and Louis See also:Alexandre, comte de See also:Toulouse (1678-1737).
See P. See also:Clement, Madame de Montespan et Louis XIV.. (Paris, 1869) ; monographs by Arsene See also:Houssaye (1865) and by H. See also:Williams (1903) ; also J. Jair, Louise de la Valliere (Eng. trans., 19o8); F. Funck-See also:Brentano, Le Drame See also:des poisons (1899) ; A. See also:Durand, ` Un See also:episode du See also:grand regne " in Rev. des questions his'. (Paris, 1868) ; the contemporary See also:memoirs of Mme de Sevigne, of Saint-Simon, of See also:Bussy-Rabutin and others; also the proceedings of the Chambre Ardente preserved in the Archives de la See also:Bastille (See also:Arsenal Library) and the notes of La Reynie preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale. She figured in V. See also:Sardou's See also:play, L'Affeire des poisons (1907).
End of Article: MONTESPAN
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