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NANTWICH

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 167 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NANTWICH , a See also:

market See also:town in the See also:Crewe See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Cheshire, See also:England, 161 m. N.W. of See also:London, on the London & See also:North-Western and See also:Great Western See also:railways. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (19o1) 7722. It lies on the See also:river See also:Weaver, in the upper See also:part of its fiat, open valley. The See also:church of St See also:Mary and St See also:Nicholas is a cruciform See also:building in red See also:sandstone, of the Decorated and Perpendicular periods, with a central octagonal See also:tower. The See also:fine old carved stalls are said to have belonged to Vale Royal See also:Abbey, near See also:Winsford in this See also:county. Nantwich retains not a few old timbered houses of the 16th and 17th centuries, but the town as a whole is See also:modern in See also:appearance. The See also:grammar school was founded in 1611. The See also:salt See also:industry, still the See also:staple of several towns See also:lower down the vale of the Weaver, was so important here in the See also:time of See also:Henry VIII. that there were three See also:hundred salt-See also:works. Though this industry has lapsed, there are brine See also:baths, much used in cases of See also:rheumatism, See also:gout and See also:general debility, and the former private See also:mansion of Shrewbridge See also:Hall is converted into a hotel with a See also:spa. Nantwich has tanneries, a manufacture of boots and shoes, and clothing factories; and See also:corn-milling and See also:iron-See also:founding are carried on. The town is one of the best See also:hunting centres in the county, being within reach of several meets.

From the traces of a See also:

Roman road between Nantwich and MiddIewich, and the various Roman remains that have been found in the neighbourhood, it has been conjectured that Nantwich was a salt--town in Roman times, but of this there is no conclusive See also:evidence. The Domesday Survey contains a See also:long See also:account of the See also:laws, customs and values of the salt-works at that See also:period, which were by far the most profitable in Cheshire. The salt-houses were divided between the See also:king, the See also:earl of See also:Chester and certain See also:resident freemen of the neighbourhood. The name of the town appears variously as Wych Manbank, Wie Malban, Nantwich, Lache Mauban, Wysmanban, Wiens Malbanus, Namptewiche. About the See also:year 1070 See also:William Malbedeng or Malbank was created See also:baron of Nantwich, which See also:barony he held of the earl of Chester. In the 13th See also:century the barony See also:fell to three daughters and co-heiresses, and further subdivisions followed. This probably accounts for the lack of privileges belonging to Nantwich as a corporate town. The only town See also:charter is one of 1567-1568, in which See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth confirms an See also:ancient See also:privilege of the burgesses that they should not be upon assizes or juries with strangers, See also:relating to matters outside the town. It is stated in the charter that the right to this privilege had been proved by an See also:inquisition taken in the 14th century, and had then already been held from time immemorial. There was a gild See also:merchant and also a town See also:bailiff, but the latter See also:office was of little real significance and was soon dropped. There is documentary evidence of a See also:castle at Nantwich in the 13th century. There is a weekly market on Saturday, held by See also:prescription.

In 1283 a three-days' See also:

fair to be held at the feast of St See also:Bartholomew was granted to See also:Robert See also:Burnell, See also:bishop of See also:Bath and See also:Wells (then holder of a See also:share of the barony of Nantwich). This is the " Old Fair " or " Great Fair " now held on the 4th of See also:September. Earl Cholmondeley received a See also:grant of two fairs in 1723. Fairs are now held on the first See also:Thursday in See also:April, See also:June, September and See also:December, and a See also:cheese fair on the first Thursday in each See also:month except See also:January. The salt See also:trade declined altogether in the 18th century, with the exception of one salt-works, which was kept open until 1856. There was a See also:shoe trade in the town as See also:early as the 17th century, and gloves were made from the end of the 16th century until about 1863. See also:Weaving and See also:stocking trades also flourished in the 18th century. The one corn-See also:mill of Nantwich was converted into a See also:cotton factory in 1789, but was closed in 1874. See See also:James Hall, A See also:History of Nantwich or Wich Milbank (1883).

End of Article: NANTWICH

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NAOROJI, DADABHAI (1825– )