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See also:OECOLAMPADIUS, See also:JOHN (1482-1531) , See also:German Reformer, whose real name was Hussgen or Heussgen,' was See also:born at Weinberg, a small See also:town in the See also:north of the See also:modern See also:kingdom of See also:Wurttemberg, but then belonging to the See also:Palatinate. He went to school at See also:Weinsberg and See also:Heilbronn, and then, intending to study See also:law, he went to See also:Bologna, but soon -returned to See also:Heidelberg and betook himself to See also:theology. He became a zealous student of the new learning and passed from the study of See also:Greek to that of See also:Hebrew, taking his See also:bachelor's degree in 1503. He became See also:cathedral preacher at See also:Basel in 1515, serving under See also:Christopher von Uttenheim, the evangelical See also:bishop of Basel. From the beginning the sermons of Oecolampadius centred in the See also:Atonement, and his first reformatory zeal showed itself in a protest (De risu pcschali, 1518) against the introduction of humorous stories into See also:Easter sermons. In 1520 he published his Greek See also:Grammar. The same See also:year he was asked to become preacher in the high See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church in See also:Augsburg. See also:Germany was then ablaze with the questions raised by See also:Luther's theses, and his introduction into this new See also:world, when at first he championed Luther's position especially in his See also:anonymous Canonici indocti (1519), seems to have compelled Oecolampadius to severe self-examina-
' Changed to Hausschein and then into the Greek See also:equivalent.
tion, which ended in his entering a See also:convent and becoming a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk. A See also:short experience convinced him that this was not for him the ideal See also:Christian See also:life (" amisi monachum, inveni Cheistianum "), and in See also:February 1522 he made his way to Ebernburg, near Creuznach, where he acted as See also:chaplain to the little See also:group of men holding the new opinions who had settled there under the leadership of See also:Franz von See also:Sickingen.
The second See also:period of Oecolampadius's life opens with his return to Basel in See also:November 1522, as See also:vicar of St See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin's and (in 1523) reader of the See also:Holy Scripture at the university. Lecturing on See also:Isaiah he condemned current ecclesiastical abuses, and in a public disputation (loth of See also:August 1523) was so successful that See also:Erasmus See also:writing to See also:Zurich said " Oecolampadius has the upper See also:hand amongst us." He became See also:Zwingli's best helper, and after more than a year of See also:earnest See also:preaching and four public disputations in which the popular See also:verdict had been given in favour of Oecolampadius and his See also:friends, the authorities of Basel began to see the See also:necessity of some See also:reformation. They began with the convents, and Oecolampadius was able to refrain in public See also:worship on certain festival days from some practices he believed to be superstitious. Basel was slow to accept the Reformation; the See also:news of the Peasants' See also:War and the inroads of See also:Anabaptists prevented progress; but at last, in 1525, it seemed as if the authorities were resolved to listen to schemes for restoring the purity of worship and teaching. In the midst of these hopes and difficulties Oecolampadius married, in the beginning of 1528, Wilibrandis Rosenblatt, the widow of See also:Ludwig See also:Keller, who proved to be non rixosa vel garrula vel vaga, he says, and made him a See also:good wife. After his See also:death she married See also:Capito, and, when Capito died, See also:Bucer. She See also:diet! in 1564. In See also:January 1528 Oecolampadius and Zwingli took See also:part in the disputation at Berne which led to the See also:adoption of the new faith in that See also:canton, and in the following year to the discontinuance of the See also:mass at Basel. The Anabaptists claimed Oecolampadius for their views, but in a disputation with them he dissociated himself from most of their positions. He died on the 24th of November 1531.
Oecolampadius was not a See also:great theologian, like Luther, Zwingli or See also:Calvin, and yet he was a trusted theological See also:leader. With Zwingli he represented the Swiss views at the unfortunate See also:conference at See also:Marburg. His views on the See also:Eucharist upheld the metaphorical against the literal See also:- INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)
interpretation of the word " See also:body," but he asserted that believers partook of the See also:sacrament more for the See also:sake of others than for their own, though later he emphasized it as a means of See also:- GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
- GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )
grace for the Christian life. To Luther's See also:doctrine of the ubiquity of See also:Christ's body he opposed that of the presence and activity of the Holy Spirit in the church. He did not minutely analyse the doctrine of See also:predestination as Luther, Calvin and Zwingli did, contenting himself with the See also:summary " Our Salvation is of See also:God, our perdition of ourselves."
See J. J. See also:Herzog, Leben Joh. Oecolampads u. See also:die Reformation der Kirche zu Basel (1843); K. R. See also:Hagenbach, Johann Oecolampad u. See also:Oswald See also:Myconius, die Reformatoren Easels (1859). For other literature see W. Hadorn's See also:art. in Herzog-Hauck's Realencyklopadie See also:fur Prot. Rel. u. Kirche.
End of Article: OECOLAMPADIUS, JOHN (1482-1531)
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