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OVARIOTOMY , the operation for removal of one or of both of the See also:female ovaries (for See also:anatomy see REPRODUCTIVE See also:SYSTEM). The progress of See also:modern See also:surgery has been conspicuously successful in this See also:department. From 1701, the date when See also:Houston of Carluke, See also:Lanarkshire, carried out his successful partial extirpation, progress was arrested for some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, although the Hunters (1780) indicated the practicability of the operation. In 1809 See also:Ephraim M`Dowell of See also:Kentucky, inspired by the lectures of See also:John See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell, his teacher in See also:Edinburgh, performed ovariotomy, and, continuing to operate with success, established the possibility of surgical interference. He was followed by others in the See also:United States. The cases brought forward by Lizars of Edinburgh were not sufficiently encouraging; the operation met with See also:great opposition; and it was not until See also:Charles See also:Clay, See also:Spencer See also:Wells, See also:Baker See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
Brown and See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Keith began See also:work that the See also:procedure was placed on a See also:firm basis and was regarded as justifiable. Improved methods were introduced, and surgeons vied with one another in trying to obtain See also:good results. Eventually, by the introduction of the antiseptic system of treating wounds, this operation, formerly regarded as one of the most See also:grave and anxious in the domain of surgery, came to be attended with a See also:lower mortality than any other of a See also:major See also:character.
To give an See also:idea of the terrible See also:record associated with the operation in the third See also:quarter of the 19th See also:century, a passage may be quoted from the See also:English See also:translation of the See also:Life of See also:Pasteur: " As it was supposed that the infected See also:air of the hospitals might be the cause of the invariably fatal results of the operation, the Assistance Publique hired an isolated See also:house in the See also:Avenue de See also:Meudon, near See also:Paris, a salubrious spot. In 1863, ten See also:women in See also:succession were sent to that house; the neighbouring inhabit-ants watched those ten patients entering the house, and a See also:short time afterwards their ten coffins being taken away." But as time went on, the published See also:statistics showed an increasing success in the practice of almost every operator. Spencer Wells states that in his first five years one patient in three died; in his second and third five years one in four; in his See also:fourth five years one in five; in 1876-1877, one in ten. After the introduction of See also:antiseptics (1878–1884) he lost only 10.9% of his operation cases, but this See also:series showing a marked See also:absence of septic complications. These figures have been greatly improved upon in later years, and at the See also:present time the mortality may be taken at somewhere about
0
5, 7 or 9%.
Removal of the ovaries is performed when the ovaries are the seat of cystic and other morbid changes; for fibroid tumours of the womb, in which See also:case, by operating, one hastens the menopause and causes the tumours to grow smaller; and in cases where dysmenorrhoea is wearing out and rendering useless the life of the patient—less severe treatment having proved ineffectual. Oophorectomy, by which is meant removal of the ovaries with the view of producing a curative effect upon some other See also:part, was' introduced in 1872 by See also:Robert Battey of See also:Georgia (1828-1895). The operation is sometimes followed by loss of sexual feeling, and has been said to unsex the patient, hence strong objections have been urged against it. The patient and her See also:friends should clearly understand the See also:object of the operation and the results likely to be gained by it. Lastly, the ovaries are sometimes removed with the See also:hope of checking the progress of inoperable See also:cancer of the See also:breast.
From the time that the operation of ovariotomy was first established as a recognized and lawful surgical procedure, there has been much disputation as to how the pedicle of the ovary, which consists of a See also:fold of peritoneum (the broad See also:ligament) with included See also:blood-vessels, should be treated. Some operators were in favour of tying it with strong See also:silk, and bringing the ends of the ligatures outside
the See also:abdomen. Others were in favour of having a. strong See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal clamp upon those structures, or of searing them with the actual cautery, whilst others claimed that the best results were to be obtained by firmly tying the pedicle, cutting the ligatures short, dropping the pedicle into the abdomen and closing the See also:wound. This last method is now almost universally adopted. (E.
End of Article: OVARIOTOMY
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