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KEITH, FRANCIS EDWARD JAMES (1696-1758)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 716 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KEITH, See also:FRANCIS See also:EDWARD See also:JAMES (1696-1758) , Scottish soldier and Prussian See also:field See also:marshal, was the second son of See also:William, 9th See also:earl marishal of See also:Scotland, and was See also:born on the 11th of See also:June 1696 at the See also:castle of Inverugie near See also:Peterhead. Through his careful See also:education under See also:Robert Keith, See also:bishop of See also:Fife, and subsequently at See also:Edinburgh University in preparation for the legal profession, he acquired that See also:taste for literature which afterwards secured him the esteem of the most distinguished savants of See also:Europe; but at an See also:early See also:period his preference for a soldier's career was decided. The See also:rebellion of 1715, in which he displayed qualities that gave some augury of his future See also:eminence, compelled him to seek safety on the See also:Continent. After spending two years in See also:Paris, chiefly at the university, he in 17r9 took See also:part in the See also:ill-starred expedition of the Pretender to the See also:Highlands of Scotland. He then passed some See also:time at Paris and See also:Madrid in obscurity and poverty, but eventually obtained a colonelcy in the See also:Spanish See also:army, and, it is said, took part in the See also:siege of See also:Gibraltar (1726-27). Finding his Protestantism a barrier to promotion, he obtained from the See also:king of See also:Spain a recommendation to See also:Peter II. of See also:Russia, from whom he received (1728) the command of a See also:regiment of the See also:guards. He displayed in numerous See also:campaigns the See also:calm, intelligent and watchful valour which was his See also:chief characteristic, obtaining the See also:rank of See also:general of See also:infantry and the reputation of being one of the ablest See also:officers in the See also:Russian service as well as a capable and liberal See also:civil See also:administrator. Judging, however, that his rewards were not commensurate with his merits, he in 1747 offered his services to See also:Frederick II. of See also:Prussia, who at once gave him the rank of field marshal, in 1749 made him See also:governor of See also:Berlin, and soon came to cherish towards him, as towards his See also:brother, the loth earl marishal, a strong See also:personal regard. In 1756 the Seven Years' See also:War See also:broke out. Keith was employed in high command from the first, and added to his Russian reputation on every occasion by See also:resolution and promptitude of See also:action, not less than by care and skill. In 1756 he commanded the troops covering the investment of See also:Pirna, and distinguished himself at Lobositz. In 1757 he commandedat the siege of See also:Prague; later in this same See also:campaign he defended See also:Leipzig against a greatly See also:superior force, was See also:present at See also:Rossbach, and, while the king was fighting the campaign of See also:Leuthen, See also:con-ducted a foray into Bohemia.

In 1758 he took a prominent part in the unsuccessful Moravian campaign, after which he withdrew from the army to recruit his broken See also:

health. He returned in time for the autumn campaign in the Lausitz, and was killed on the 14th of See also:October 1758 at the See also:battle of Hochkirch. His See also:body was honourably buried on the field by Marshal Dann and General See also:Lacy, the son of his old See also:commander in Russia, and was shortly afterwards transferred by Frederick to the See also:garrison See also:church of Berlin. Many memorials were erected to him by the king, See also:Prince See also:Henry, and others. Keith died unmarried, but had several See also:children by his See also:mistress, Eva Mertens, a See also:Swedish prisoner captured by him in the war of 1741-43. In 1889 the 1st Silesian infantry regiment No. 22 of the See also:German army received his name. See K. A. Varnhagen von Ense, Biographische Denkmale, part 7 (1844) ; Fragment of a Memoir of Field-Marshal James Keith, written by himself (1714–1734; edited by See also:Thomas See also:Constable for the See also:Spalding See also:Club, 1843); T. See also:Carlyle, Frederick the See also:Great, passim; V. Paczynaski-Tenczyn, Leben See also:des G.

F.M. See also:

Jakob Keith (Berlin, 1889) ; Peter See also:Buchan, See also:Account of the See also:Family of Keith (Edinburgh, 1878) ; Anon., Memoir of Marshal Keith (Peterhead, 1869) ; See also:Pauli, Leben grosser Helden, part iv.

End of Article: KEITH, FRANCIS EDWARD JAMES (1696-1758)

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