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See also:PAUL II . (Pietro Barbo), See also:pope from the 3oth of See also:August 1464 to the 26th of See also:July 1471, was See also:born at See also:Venice in 1417. Intended for a business career, he took orders during the pontificate of his See also:uncle, See also:Eugenius IV., and was appointed successively See also:archdeacon of See also:Bologna, See also:bishop of Cervia, bishop of See also:Piacenza, protonotary of the See also:Roman See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, and in 1440 See also:cardinal-See also:deacon of Sta Maria Nuova. He was made cardinal-See also:priest of Sta See also:Cecilia, then of St Marco by See also:Nicholas V., was a favourite of See also:Calixtus III. and was unanimously and unexpectedly elected the successor of See also:Pius II. He immediately declared that See also:election " See also:capitulations," which cardinals had See also:long been in the See also:habit of affirming as rules of conduct for future popes, could affect a new pope only as counsels, not as binding obligations. He opposed with some success the domineering policy of the Venetian See also:government in See also:Italian affairs. His repeated condemnations of the Pragmatic See also:Sanction of See also:Bourges resulted in strained relations with See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XI. of See also:France. He pronounced See also:excommunication. and deposition against See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:George Podiebradon the 23rd of See also:December 1466 for refusal to enforce the See also:Basel agreement against the Utraquists, and prevailed on See also:Matthias See also:Corvinus, king of See also:Hungary, to declare See also:war against him on the 31st of See also:March 1468. Matthias was not particularly successful, but George Podiebrad died on the 22nd of March 1471. The pope carried on fruitless negotiations (1469) with the See also:emperor See also:Frederick III. for a crusade against the See also:Turks. Paul endeavoured to make drastic reforms in the See also:curia, and abolished the See also:college of See also:abbreviators (1466), but this called forth violent protests from the historian Platina, one of their number and subsequently librarian under See also:Sixtus IV., who is responsible for the fiction that Paul was an illiterate persecutor of learning. It is true that the pope suppressed the Roman See also:academy, but on religious grounds. On the other See also:hand he was friendly to See also:Christian scholars; he restored many See also:ancient monuments; made a magnificent collection of antiquities and See also:works of See also:art; built the Palazzo di St Marco, now the Palazzo di Venezia; and probably first introduced See also:printing into See also:Rome. Paul embellished the See also:costume of the cardinals, collected jewels for his own adornment, provided See also:games and See also:food for the Roman See also:people and practically instituted the See also:carnival. He began in 1469 a revision of the Roman statutes of 1363—a See also:work which was not completed until 1490. Paul established the See also:special tax called the quietdennium in 1470, and by See also:bull of the same See also:year (See also:April 19) announced the See also:jubilee for every twenty-five years. He began negotiations with See also:Ivan III. for the See also:union of the See also:Russian Church with the Roman see. Paul was undoubtedly not a See also:man of See also:quick parts or unusual views, but he was handsome, attractive, strong-willed, and has never been accused of promoting nephews or favourites. He died very suddenly, probably of See also:apoplexy, on the 26th of July, 1471, and was succeeded by Sixtus IV.
The See also:principal contemporary lives of Paul II., including that by Platina, are in 'L. See also:Muratori, Rerum ital. scriptores, iii. pt. 2, and in Raynaldus, Annales ecclesiastici (1464-1471). The See also:inventory of his See also:personal effects, published by E. Miintz (See also:Les Arts, ii., 1875), is a valuable document for the See also:history of art. See also L. Pastor, History of the Popes, vol. iv.; trans. by F. I. Antrobus (See also:London, 1898) ; M. See also:Creighton, History of the Papacy, vol. iv. (London, 1901) ; F. See also:Gregorovius, Rome in the See also:Middle Ages, vol. vii. (trans. by Mrs G. W. See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton, London, 1900-1902) ; H. L'Epinois, Paul II.; F. Palacky, Geschichte von Bohmen, Bd. IV.-V. (See also:Prague, 186o-1865) ; Aus den
Annalen-Registern der Pdpste Eugen IV., Pius II., Paul II., u.
Sixtus IV., ed. by K. Hayn (See also:Cologne, 1896). There is an excel-See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
lent See also:article by C. Beneath in Hauck's, Realencyklopddie (3rd ed.), vol. xv. (C. H.
End of Article: PAUL II
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