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See also:CECILIA, See also:SAINT , in the See also:Catholic See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church the See also:patron saint of See also:music and of the See also:blind. Her festival falls on the 22nd of See also:November. It was See also:long supposed that she was a See also:noble See also:lady of See also:Rome
See also:horizontal direction, tier upon tier, coveringa See also:compass of ground the See also:diameter of which is often greater than the height of the See also:- TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
- TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )
tree. See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Gilpin, in his See also:Forest Scenery, describes a See also:cedar which, at an See also:age of about 118 years, had attained to a height of 53 ft. and had a horizontal expanse of 96 ft. The branchlets of the cedar take the same direction as the branches, and the foliage is very dense. The tree, as with the See also:rest of the See also:fir-tribe, except the See also:larch, is See also:evergreen; new leaves are See also:developed every See also:spring, but their fall is See also:gradual. In shape the leaves are straight, tapering, cylindrical and pointed; they are about r in. long and of a.dark See also:green See also:colour, and grow in alternate tufts of about See also:thirty in number. The male and See also:female See also:flowers grow on the same tree, but are See also:separate. The cones, which are on the upper See also:side of the branches, are flattened at the ends and are 4 to 5 in. in length and 2 in. wide; they take two years to come to perfection and while growing exude much See also:resin. The scales are See also:close pressed to one another and are reddish in colour. The seeds are provided with a long membranous wing. The See also:root of the tree is very strong and ramifying. The cedar flourishes best on sandy, loamy soils. It still grows on See also:Lebanon, though for several centuries it was believed to be restricted to a small See also:grove in. the Kadisha valley at 6000 ft. See also:elevation, about 15 M. from ?3eyrout. The number of trees in this grove has been gradually diminishing, and as no See also:young trees or seedlings occur, the grove will probably become See also:extinct in course of See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. Cedars are now known to occur in See also:great See also:numbers on Mt. Lebanon, chiefly on the western slopes, not forming a continuous forest, but in groves, some of which contain several thousands of trees. There are also large forests on the higher slopes of the See also:Taurus and See also:Anti-Taurus mountains. Lamartine tells us that the See also:Arabs regard the trees as endowed with the principles of continual existence, and with reasoning and prescient See also:powers, which enable them to prepare for the changes of the seasons.
The See also:wood of the cedar of Lebanon is fragrant, though not so strongly scented as that of the See also:juniper or red-cedar of See also:America. The wood is generally reddish-See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown, See also:light and of a coarse See also:grain and spongy texture, easy to See also:work, but liable to shrink and warp. See also:Mountain-grown wood is harder, stronger, less liable to warp and more durable.
The cedar of Lebanon is. cultivated in See also:Europe for See also:ornament only. It can be grown in parks and gardens, and thrives well; but the young See also:plants are unable to See also:bear great See also:variations of temperature. The cedar is not mentioned in See also:Evelyn's See also:Silva (1664), but it must have been introduced shortly afterwards. The famous See also:Enfield cedar was planted by Dr See also:Robert Uvedale, (1642–1722)., a noted schoolmaster and horticulturist, between 1662-1670, and an old cedar at Bretby See also:Park in See also:Derbyshire is known to have been planted in 1676. Some very old cedars exist also at Syon See also:House, See also:Woburn See also:Abbey, See also:Warwick See also:Castle and elsewhere, which presumably date from the 17th See also:century. The first cedars in See also:Scotland were planted at Hopetoun House in 1740; and the first one said to have been introduced into See also:France was brought from See also:England by See also:Bernard de See also:Jussieu in 1734, and placed in the Jardin See also:des Mantes. Cedar-wood is earliest noticed in See also:Leviticus xiv. 4, 6, where it is prescribed among the materials to be used for the cleansing of leprosy ; but the wood there spoken of was probably that of the juniper. The See also:term Eres (cedar) of Scripture does not apply strictly to one See also:kind of plant, but was used indefinitely in See also:ancient times, as is the word cedar at See also:present. The term arz is applied by the Arabs to the cedar of Lebanon, to the See also:common See also:pine-tree, and to the juniper; and certainly the " cedars " for masts, mentioned in Ezek. See also:xxvii. 5, must have been pine-trees. It seems very probable that the fourscore thousand hewers employed by See also:Solomon for cutting See also:timber did not confine their-operations simply to what would now be termed cedars and fir-trees. Dr See also:John See also:Lindley considered that some of the cedar-trees sent by Hiram, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Tyre, to See also:Jerusalem might have been procured from See also:Mount See also:Atlas, and have been identical with Callitris.quadrivalvis, or arar-tree, the wood of which is hard and durable, and was much in See also:request in former times for the See also:building of temples. The timber-work of the roof of See also:Cordova See also:cathedral, built eleven centuries ago, is composed of it. In the time of
594
who, with her See also:husband and other See also:friends whom she had converted, suffered martydom, c. 230, under the See also:emperor See also:Alexander See also:Severus. The researches of de See also:Rossi, however (Rom. sott. ii. 147), go to confirm the statement of See also:Fortunatus, See also:bishop of See also:Poitiers (d. 600), that she perished in See also:Sicily under See also:Marcus Aurelius between 176 and 180. A church in her See also:honour existed in Rome from about the 4th century, and was rebuilt with much splendour by See also:Pope See also:Paschal I. about the See also:year 820, and again by See also:Cardinal Sfondrati in 1599. It is situated in the Trastevere near the Ripa Grande See also:quay, where in earlier days the See also:Ghetto was located, and gives a " See also:title " to a cardinal See also:priest. Cecilia, whose musical fame rests on a passing See also:notice in her See also:legend that she praised See also:God by instrumental as well as vocal music, has inspired many a masterpiece in See also:art, including the See also:Raphael at See also:Bologna, the See also:Rubens in See also:Berlin, the See also:Domenichino in See also:Paris, and in literature, where she is commemorated especially by See also:Chaucer's " Seconde Nonnes See also:Tale," and by See also:Dryden's famous See also:ode, set to music by See also:Handel in 1736, and later by See also:Sir See also:Hubert See also:Parry (1889).
Another St Cecilia, who suffered in See also:Africa in the persecution of See also:Diocletian (303-304), is commemorated on the Ilth of See also:February.
See U. See also:Chevalier, Repertoire des See also:sources historiques (1905), I. 826 f.
End of Article: CECILIA, SAINT
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