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PHINEUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 446 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PHINEUS , in See also:

Greek See also:legend, son of Agenor, the See also:blind See also:king of Salmydessus on the See also:coast of See also:Thrace. He was skilled in the See also:art of See also:navigation, and See also:Apollo had bestowed upon him the See also:gift of prophecy. His See also:blindness was a See also:punishment from the gods for his having revealed the counsels of See also:Zeus to mortals, or for his treatment of his sons by his first wife See also:Cleopatra. His second wife having accused her stepsons of dishonourable proposals, Phineus put out their eyes, or exposed them to the See also:wild beasts, or buried them in the ground up to their waists and ordered them to be scourged. Zeus offered him the choice of See also:death or blindness. Phineus See also:chose the latter, whereupon Helios (the See also:sun-See also:god), offended at the slight thus put upon him, sent the See also:Harpies to torment him. In another See also:story, the See also:Argonauts (amongst whom were See also:Calais and Zetes, the See also:brothers of Cleopatra), on their arrival in Thrace found the sons of Phineus See also:half-buried in the See also:earth and demanded their liberation. Phineus refused, and a fight took See also:place in which he was slain by Heracles, who freed Cleopatra (who had been thrown into See also:prison) and her sons, and reinstated them as rulers of the See also:kingdom. Tragedies on the subject of Phineus were written by See also:Aeschylus and See also:Sophocles. These would directly See also:appeal to an Athenian See also:audience, Phineus's first wife having been the daughter of Orithyia (daughter of See also:Erechtheus, king of See also:Athens), who had been carried off by See also:Boreas to his See also:home in Thrace. The punish- ment of Phineus would naturally be regarded as a just retribu- 1 See also:Chronicle of See also:Joshua Stylites, ch. 30.

2 On these and other points see Budge's introduction to his second See also:

volume, which contains also a See also:list of the other See also:works of See also:Philoxenus and a number of illustrative extracts. One by See also:Martin (in Grammatica chrestomathia et glossarium linguae syriacae) and one by See also:Guidi (La Lettera di Filosseno ai See also:monad di Tell 'Addd).tion for the insult put upon a princess of the royal See also:house of Athens. See also:Apollodorus i. 9, 21, iii. 15, 3; Sophocles, See also:Antigone, 966, with lebb's notes; Diod. Sic. iv. 43, 44; Servius on Aeneid iii. 209; chol. on See also:Apollonius Rhodius ii. 178. PHIPS (or PHIPPS), See also:SIR See also:WILLIAM (1651-1695), colonial See also:governor of See also:Massachusetts, was See also:born on the 2nd of See also:February 1651, at See also:Woolwich, See also:Maine, near the mouth of the Kennebec See also:river. He was a shepherd until he was eighteen, and then a See also:ship See also:carpenter's apprentice for four years; worked at his See also:trade in See also:Boston for a See also:year, at this See also:time learning to read and write; and with his wife's See also:property established a ship-yard on the Sheepscot river in Maine, but soon abandoned it because of See also:Indian disorders. In 1684-1686, with a See also:commission from the See also:British See also:Crown, he searched vainly for a wrecked See also:Spanish treasure ship of which he had heard while on a voyage to the See also:Bahamas; he found this See also:vessel in 1687, and from it recovered £300,000.

Of this amount much went to the See also:

duke of See also:Albemarle, who had fitted out the second expedition. Phips received £x6,000 as his See also:share, was knighted by See also:James II., and was appointed See also:sheriff of New See also:England under Sir See also:Edmund See also:Andros. Poorly educated and ignorant of See also:law, Phips could accomplish little, and returned to England. In 1689 he returned to Massachusetts, found a revolutionary See also:government in See also:control, and at once entered into the See also:life of the See also:colony. He joined the See also:North See also:Church (See also:Cotton See also:Mather's) at Boston, and was soon appointed by the See also:General See also:Court See also:commander of an expedition against the See also:French in See also:Canada, which sailed in See also:April t690 and easily captured See also:Port Royal. A much larger expedition led by Phips in See also:July against See also:Quebec and See also:Montreal ended disastrously. Phips generously bought at their See also:par value, in See also:order to give them See also:credit in the colony, many of the colony's bills issued to pay for the expedition. In the See also:winter of 1690 he returned to England, vainly sought aid for another expedition against Canada, and urged, with Increase Mather, the colonial See also:agent, a restoration of the colony's See also:charter, annulled during the reign of See also:Charles II. The Crown, at the See also:suggestion of Mather, appointed him the first royal governor under the new charter. On reaching Boston in May 1692, Phips found the colony in a very disordered See also:condition, and though honest, persevering and indisposed to exalt his See also:prerogative at the expense of the See also:people, he was unfitted for the difficult position. He appointed a See also:special commission to try the See also:witchcraft cases, but did nothing to stop the witchcraft See also:mania, and suspended the sittings of the court only after See also:great atrocities had been committed. In defending the frontier he displayed great See also:energy, but his policy of See also:building forts was expensive and therefore unpopular.

Having the See also:

manners of a 17th-See also:century See also:sea See also:captain, he became involved in many quarrels, and engaged in a See also:bitter contrcversy with Governor See also:Benjamin See also:Fletcher of New See also:York. Numerous complaints to the home government resulted in his being summoned to England to See also:answer charges. While in See also:London awaiting trial, he died on the 18th of February 1695. See Cotton Mather's Life of His See also:Excellency Sir William Phips (London, 1697; republished in his Magnalia in 1702) ; See also:Francis See also:Bowen's " Life of Sir William Phips," in Jared See also:Sparks's See also:American See also:Biography, 1st See also:series, vol. vii. (New York, 1856); William Goold's " Sir William Phips," in Collections of the Maine See also:Historical Society, series r, vol. ix. (See also:Portland, 1887) ; Ernest Myrand's Sir William Phipps devant Quebec (Quebec, 1893) ; See also:Thomas See also:Hutchinson's See also:History of Massachusetts (2 vols., Boston; 3rd ed., 1795); and J. G. See also:Palfrey's History of New England (5 vols., Boston, 1858-1890).

End of Article: PHINEUS

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