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STURDZA, or STURZA

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Originally appearing in Volume V25, Page 1051 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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STURDZA, or STURZA , the name of an See also:ancient Rumanian See also:family, of unknown origin, which probably came from See also:Trebizond and settled in See also:Moldavia. The Sturdza family has been See also:long and intimately associated with the See also:government first of Moldavia and afterwards of See also:Rumania. Its members belong to two See also:main divisions, which trace their descent respectively from See also:John (Ioan) or from See also:Alexander (Sandu), the sons of Kirak Sturdza, who lived in the 17th See also:century, and may be regarded as the founder of the family. 1. To the first See also:division belongs See also:MICHAEL [Michail] STURDZA (1795-1884), who was See also:prince of Moldavia from 1834 to 1849. A See also:man of liberal See also:education, he established the first high school, a See also:kind of university, in See also:Jassy. He brought scholars from See also:foreign countries to See also:act as teachers, and gave a very powerful stimulus to the educational development of the See also:country. In 1844 he decreed the emancipation of the See also:gipsies. Until then the gipsies had been treated as slaves and owned by the See also:Church or by private landowners; they had been bought and sold inthe open See also:market. Michael Sturdza also attempted the secularization of monastic establishments, which was carried out by Prince See also:Cuza in 1864, and the utilization of their endowments for See also:national purposes. He quelled the attempted revolution in 1848 without bloodshed by arresting all the conspirators and expelling them from the country. Under his- See also:rule the See also:internal development of Moldavia made immense progress; roads were built, See also:industry See also:developed, and Michael is still gratefully remembered by the See also:people.

See See also:

Michel Stourdza et son See also:administration (See also:Brussels, 1834) ; Michel Stourdza, ancien prince regnant de Moldavie (See also:Paris, 1874) ; A. A. C. Sturdza, Regne de Michel Sturdza, prince de Moldavie 1834-1849 (Paris, 1907). 2. See also:GREGORY [Grigorie] STURDZA (1821-1901), son of the above, was educated in See also:France and See also:Germany, became a See also:general in the See also:Ottoman See also:army under the name of Muklis See also:Pasha, and afterwards attained the same See also:rank in the Moldavian' army. He was a See also:candidate for the Moldavian See also:throne in 1859, and subsequently a prominent member of the Russophil party in the Rumanian See also:parliament. He wrote Lois fondamentales de l'univers (Paris 1891). 3. JOHN [Ioan] STURDZA, prince of Moldavia (1822-1828), was the most famous descendant of Alexander Sturdza. Immediately after the See also:Greek revolution, Prince John Sturdza took an active See also:part in subduing the roving bands of Greek Hetairists in Moldavia; he transformed the Greek elementary See also:schools into Rumanian schools and laid the See also:foundation for that scientific national development which Prince Michael Sturdza continued after 1834. In 1828 the Russians entered the country and took Prince John prisoner.

He died in See also:

exile. 4. ALEXANDER [Alexandru] STURDZA (1791-1854), See also:Russian publicist and diplomatist, was a member of the same family, See also:born in See also:Bessarabia and educated in Germany. After entering the Russian See also:diplomatic service, he wrote .8etrachtungen caber See also:die Lehre and den Geist der orthodoxen Kirche (See also:Leipzig, 1817). His Memoire sur l'etat actuel de l'Allemagne, written at the re-quest of the See also:tsar during the See also:congress of See also:Aix-la-Chapelle, was an attack on the See also:German See also:universities, repeated in Coup d'reil sur See also:les universites de l'Allemagne (Aix, 1818). His other important See also:works are La Grece en 1821 (Leipzig, 1822) and tEuvres posthumes religieuses, historiques, philosophiques et litteraires (5 vols., Paris, 1858-1861). 5. See also:DEMETRIUS [Dimitrie] STURDZA, Rumanian statesman, was born in 1833 at Jassy, and educated there at the Academia Michaileana. He continued his studies in Germany, took part in the See also:political movements of the See also:time, and was private secretary to Prince Cuza. Demetrius afterwards turned against Cuza, joined John See also:Bratianu, and became a member of the so-called Liberal government. In 1899 he was elected See also:leader of the party in See also:succession to Bratianu and was four times See also:prime See also:minister (see RUMANIAN See also:History). Though a man of See also:great capacity for See also:work, he represented the narrowest nationalism, and through his enmity to all that was " See also:alien " did more than any other man to retard the political and See also:industrial development of the country.

He was appointed permanent secretary of the Rumanian See also:

Academy, and became a recognized authority on Rumanian See also:numismatics. As secretary of the academy he was instrumental in assisting the publication of the collections of historic documents made by Hurmuzaki (30 vols., See also:Bucharest, 1876-1897), and other acts and documents (Bucharest, 1900 sqq.), besides a number of See also:minor political See also:pamphlets of transitory value. (M.

End of Article: STURDZA, or STURZA

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