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VANINI, LUCILIO

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 895 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VANINI, LUCILIO , or, as he styled himself in his See also:works, Givaio CESARE (1585-1619), See also:Italian See also:free-thinker, was See also:born at Taurisano, near See also:Naples, in 1585. He studied See also:philosophy and See also:theology at See also:Rome, and after his return to Naples applied him-self to the See also:physical studies which had come into See also:vogue with the See also:Renaissance. Like See also:Giordano See also:Bruno, though morally and intellectually inferior to him, he was among those who led the attack on the old See also:scholasticism and helped to See also:lay the See also:foundation of See also:modern philosophy. Vanini resembles Bruno, not only in his wandering See also:life and in his tragic See also:death, but also in his See also:anti-See also:Christian See also:bias. From Naples he went to See also:Padua, where he came under the See also:influence of the Alexandrist Pomponazzi (q.v.), whom he styles his divine See also:master. At Padua he studied See also:law, and was ordained See also:priest. Subsequently he led a roving life in See also:France, See also:Switzerland and the See also:Low Countries, supporting himself by giving lessons and disseminating anti-religious views. He was obliged to flee from See also:Lyons to See also:England in 1614, but was imprisoned in See also:London for some See also:reason for See also:forty-nine days. Returning to See also:Italy he made an See also:attempt to See also:teach in See also:Genoa, but was driven once more to France, where he made a valiant effort to clear himself of suspicion by See also:publishing a See also:book against atheists, Amphitheatrum Aeternae Providentiae Divine-Magic-um (1615). Though the See also:definitions of See also:God are somewhat pantheistic, the book is sufficiently orthodox, but the arguments are largely ironical, and cannot be taken. as expounding his real views. Vanini expressly tells us so in his second (and only other published) See also:work, De Admirandis Naturae Reginae Deaeque Mortalium Arcanis (See also:Paris, 1616), which, originally certified by two doctors of the See also:Sorbonne, was afterwards re-examined and condemned to the flames. Vanini then See also:left Paris, where he had been staying as See also:chaplain to the marechal de See also:Bassompierre, and began to teach in See also:Toulouse.

In See also:

November 1618 he was arrested, and after a prolonged trial was condemned, as an atheist, to have his See also:tongue cut out, and to be strangled at the stake, his See also:body to be afterwards burned to ashes. The See also:sentence was executed on the 9th of See also:February 1619. See See also:Cousin, Fragments de philosophie cartesienne (See also:Brussels, 1838–4c'), i. 1–99; See also:French trans. M. X. Rousselot (Paris, 1842); See also:John See also:Owen, Skeptics of the Italian Renaissance (London, 1893), 345–419; J. Toulan, Etude sur L. Vanini (See also:Strassburg, 1869); Cesare See also:Cantu, Gli Erelici d'Italia (See also:Turin, 1867), iii. 72 ff.; Fuhrmann, Leben and Schicksale (See also:Leipzig, 1800) ; Vaisse, L. Vanini pHs, 1871); Palumbo, Vanini, e i suoi tempi (Naples, 1878); P ssamonti in Rivista italiana di filo,;ofia (1893), vol. iii. uANLOO, See also:CHARLES See also:ANDREW (1705-1765), subject painter, a younger See also:brother of John Baptist See also:Vanloo (q.v.), was born at See also:vice on the 15th of February 1705. He received some inst"uction from his brother, and like him studied in Rome under Luti.

Leaving Italy in 1723, he worked in Paris, where he gained the first See also:

prize for See also:historical See also:painting. After again visiting Italy in 1727, he was employed by the See also:king of See also:Sardinia, for whom he painted a-See also:series of subjects illustrative of See also:Tasso. In 1734 he settled in Paris, and in 1735 became a member of the French See also:Academy; and he was decorated with the See also:order of St See also:Michael and appointed See also:principal painter to the king. By his simplicity of See also:style and correctness of See also:design, the result of his study of the See also:great Italian masters, he did much to purify the modern French school; but the contemporary praise that was lavished upon his productions now appears undue andexcessive. His " See also:Marriage of the Virgin " is preserved in the Louvre. He died at Paris on the 15th of See also:July 1765.

End of Article: VANINI, LUCILIO

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