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ALDERNEY (Fr. Aurigny)

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 534 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ALDERNEY (Fr. Aurigny) , one of the Channel Islands, the northernmost of the See also:principal members of the See also:group, belonging to See also:England. It lies in 490 43' N. and 2° 12' W., gm: W. of Cape La See also:Hague on the See also:coast of See also:Normandy. The See also:harbour, on the See also:north coast in the See also:bay of Braye, is 25 M. from St See also:Peter See also:Port, See also:Guernsey, by way of which See also:outer communications are ,principally carried on, and 55 M. S. by E. of See also:Portland See also:Bill, the, nearest point of England. The length of the See also:island from N. E. to S. W. is 31 m., its See also:average breadth 1 m., its See also:area 1962 acres, and its See also:population (19or) 2062. The strait between the island and Cape La Hague, called the See also:Race of Alderney (See also:French Raz See also:Blanchard), confined by numerous rocks and reefs off either coast, is rendered very dangerous in stormy See also:weather by conflicting currents: Through this difficult channel the scattered remnant of the French See also:fleet under See also:Tourville escaped after the defeat of La Hogtie in 1692. To the See also:west is the narrower and also dangerous channel of the Swinge (Singe), between Alderney and the uninhabited islets of Burhou, Ortach and others. West of these again are, the Casquets, a group of rocks to which attaches a See also:long See also:record of shipwreck. Rocks and reefs fringe all the coasts of Alderney.

The island itself is a level open tableland, which on the See also:

south-west and south falls abruptly to the See also:sea in a majestic See also:series of cliffs. The greatest See also:elevation of the See also:land is about 300 ft. Towards the north-west, north and See also:east the less rocky coast is indented by several bays, with open sandy shores, of which those of Crabby, Braye, Corblets and Longy are the most noteworthy. South-west of Longy Bay, where the coast rises boldly, there is a remarkable projecting See also:block of See also:sandstone, called La See also:Roche Pendante (See also:Hanging See also:Rock) overhanging the cliff. Sandstone (mainly along the north-east coast), "See also:granite and See also:porphyry are the See also:chief See also:geological formations. There are a few streams., but See also:water is obtained mainly from See also:wells. Trees are scarce. The See also:town of St See also:Anne stands almost in the centre of the island over-looking and extending towards the harbour. Here are the See also:court-See also:house, a gateway commemorating See also:Albert; See also:prince-See also:consort, the See also:clock See also:tower, which belonged to the See also:ancient See also:parish See also:church', and the See also:modern church (185o), in See also:Early See also:English See also:style, an ekcellent example of the See also:work of See also:Sir See also:Gilbert See also:Scott. The church is a memorial to the See also:family of Le Mesurier, in which the hereditary governorship of the island was vested until the abolition of the See also:office in 1825. There is a See also:chain of forts See also:round the north ,coast from Clanque Fort on the west to Fort See also:Essex on the east; the largest is Fort Albert, above Braye Bay. In 1849 work was begun on a See also:great See also:breakwater west of the harbour, the intention being to provide a harbour of See also:refuge, but although a; sum exceeding one and a See also:half million See also:sterling was spent the See also:scheme was unsuccessful.

The See also:

soil of Alderney is See also:light, fertile and, well cultivated; See also:grain and vegetables are grown and early potatoes are exported. A large See also:part of the island is under grass, affording pasture for See also:cattle. The well-known See also:term " Alderney cattle," however, has lost in great measure its former signification of a• distinctive breed. Alderney is included in the bailiwick of Guernsey. It has a court consisting of a See also:judge and six jurats, See also:attorney-See also:general, See also:privet, grefero and sergent; but as a judicial court it is subordinate to that of Guernsey, and its administrative See also:powers are limited to such matters as the upkeep of roads. For its relations to the constitution of the bailiwick, and for the See also:history of the island, see CHANNEL ISLANDS.

End of Article: ALDERNEY (Fr. Aurigny)

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