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See also:DELACROIX, See also:FERDINAND See also:VICTOR See also:EUGENE (1798-1863) , See also:French See also:historical painter, See also:leader of the Romantic See also:movement, was See also:born at Charenton-St-See also:Maurice, near See also:Paris, on the 26th of See also:April 1798. His See also:father See also:Charles Delacroix (1741–1805) was a See also:partisan of the most violent See also:faction during the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Revolution, and was See also:foreign See also:minister under the See also:Directory. The See also:family affairs seem to have been conducted in the wildest manner, and the accidents that befell the See also:child, well authenticated as they are said to be, make it almost a See also:miracle that he survived. He was first nearly burned to See also:death in the See also:cradle by a See also:nurse falling asleep over a novel and the See also:candle dropping on the coverlet; this See also:left permanent marks on his arms and See also:face. He was next dropped into the See also:sea by another bonne, who was climbing up a See also:ship's See also:side to see her See also:lover. He was nearly poisoned, and nearly choked, and, to See also:crown all, he tried to hang himself, without any thought of See also:suicide, in See also:imitation of a See also:print exhibiting a See also:man in that position of final ignominy. The prediction of a See also:charlatan founded on his horoscope has been preserved: " Cet enfant deviendra un homme celebre, mais sa See also:vie sera See also:des plus laborieuses, des plus tourmentees, et toujours livree a la See also:contradiction."
Delacroix the See also:elder (also known as Delacroix de Contaut) died at See also:Bordeaux when Eugene was seven years of See also:age, and his See also:mother returned to Paris and placed him in the Lycee See also:Napoleon. Afterwards, on his determining to be a painter, he entered the atelier of See also:Baron See also:Guerin, who affected to treat him as an See also:amateur. His See also:fellow-See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil was Ary See also:Scheffer, who was alike by temperament and antecedents the opposite of the bizarre Delacroix, and the two remained antagonistic to the end of See also:life. Delacroix's acknowledged See also:power and yet want of success with artists and critics—Thiers being his only advocate—perhaps mainly resulted from his bravura and See also:rude dash in the use of the See also:brush, at a time when smooth roundness of See also:surface was See also:general. His first important picture, " See also:Dante and See also:Virgil, " was painted in his own studio; and when Guerin went to see it he flew into a See also:passion, and told him his picture was absurd, detestable, exaggerated. " Why ask me to come and see this? you knew what I must say." Yet his See also:work was received at the See also:Salon, and produced an See also:enthusiasm of debate (1822). Some said See also:Gericault had worked on it, but all treated it with respect. Still in private his position, even after the larger tragic picture, the " See also:Massacre of See also:Chios," hadbeen deposited in the Luxembourg by the See also:government (1824); became that of an Ishmaelite. The See also:war for the freedom of See also:Greece then going on moved him deeply, and his next two pictures—" See also:Marino See also:Faliero Decapitated on the See also:Giant's See also:Staircase of the Ducal See also:Palace " (which has always remained a See also:European success), and " Greece Lamenting on the Ruins of See also:Missolonghi "—with many smaller See also:works, were exhibited for the benefit of the patriots in 1826. This See also:exhibition was much visited by the public, and next See also:year he produced another of his important works, " See also:Sardanapalus," from See also:Byron's See also:drama. After this, he says, " I became the See also:abomination of See also:painting, I was refused See also:water and See also:salt,"—but, he adds with singularly happy naivete, " J'etais enchante de moi-meme!" The patrimony he inherited, or perhaps it should be said, what remained of it, was ro,000 livres de rente, and with See also:economy he lived on this, and continued the expensive See also:process of painting large historical pictures. In 1831 he reappeared in the Salon with six works, and immediately after left for See also:Morocco, where he found much congenial See also:matter. Delacroix never went to See also:Italy; he refused to go on principle, lest the old masters, either in spirit or manner, should impair his originality and self-dependence. His greatest admiration in literature was the See also:poetry of Byron; See also:Shakespeare also attracted him for tragic inspirations; and of course classic subjects had their turn of his easel.
He continued his work indefatigably, having his pictures very seldom favourably received at the Salon. These were sometimes very large, full of incidents, with many figures. " See also:Drawing of Lots in the See also:Boat at Sea," from Byron's See also:Don Juan, and the " Taking of See also:Constantinople by the Christians " were of that See also:character, and the former was one of his noblest creations. In 1845 he was employed to decorate the library of the Luxembourg, that of the chamber of deputies in 1847, the See also:ceiling of the See also:gallery of See also:Apollo in the Louvre in 1849 and that of the Salon de la Paix in the hotel de ville in 1853. He died on the 13th of See also:August 1863, and in August 1864 an exhibition of his works was opened on the See also:Boulevard des Italiens. It contained 174 pictures, many of them of large dimensions, and 303 drawings, showing immense perseverance as well as See also:energy and versatility. As a colourist, and a romantic painter, he now ranks among the greatest of French artists.
See also A. Robaut, Delacroix (1885) ; E. Dargenty, Delacroix See also:par lui-meme (1885) ; G. See also:Moreau, Delacroix et son ceuvre (1893) ; Dorothy See also:Bussy, Eugene Delacroix (19o7).
DE LA GARDIE, See also:MAGNUS See also:GABRIEL, See also:COUNT (1622–1686), See also:Swedish statesman, the best-known member of an See also:ancient family of French origin (the D'Escouperies of See also:Languedoc) which had been settled in See also:Sweden since the 14th See also:century. After a careful See also:education, completed by the usual See also:grand tour, Magnus learned the See also:art of war under Gustavus See also:Horn, and during the reign of See also:Christina (1644-1654), whose See also:prime favourite he became, though the liaison was See also:innocent enough, he was raised to the highest offices in the See also:state and loaded with distinctions. In 1646 he was sent at the See also:head of an extraordinary See also:mission to See also:France, and on his return married the See also:queen's See also:cousin See also:Marie See also:Euphrosyne of See also:Zweibrucken, who, being but a poor princess, benefited greatly by her See also:wedding with the richest of the Swedish magnates. Immediately afterwards, De la Gardie was made a senator, See also:governor-general of See also:Saxony during the last stages of the See also:Thirty Years' War, and, in 1652, See also:lord high treasurer. In 1653 he See also:fell into disgrace and had to withdraw from See also:court. During the reign of Charles X. (1654–166o) he was employed in the Baltic provinces both as a civilian and a soldier, although in the latter capacity he gave the See also:martial See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king but little See also:satisfaction. Charles X. nevertheless, in his last will, appointed De la Gardie grand-See also:chancellor and a member of the See also:council of regency which ruled Sweden during the minority of Charles XI. (166o-1672). During this See also:period De la Gardie was the ruling spirit of the government and represented the party of warlike See also:adventure as opposed to the party of See also:peace and economy led by See also:Counts See also:Bonde and See also:Brahe (qq.v.). After a severe struggle De la Gardie's party finally prevailed, and its See also:triumph was marked by that general decline of See also:personal and See also:political morality which has given to this regency its unenviable reputation.
942
It was De la Gardie who first made Sweden the obsequious hireling of the foreign power which had the longest See also:purse. The beginning of this shameful " See also:subsidy policy " was the treaty of See also:Fontainebleau, 1661, by a See also:secret See also:paragraph of which Sweden, in See also:exchange for a consid?rable sum of See also:money, undertook to support the French See also:candidate on the first vacancy of the See also:Polish See also:throne. It was not, however, till the 14th of April 1672 that Sweden, by the treaty of See also:Stockholm, became a See also:regular " mercenarius Galliae," pledging herself, in return for 400,000 ecus per annum in peace and 600,000 in war time, to attack with 16,000 men those See also:German, princes who might be disposed to assist See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland. The See also:early disasters of the unlucky war of 1675–1699 were rightly attributed to the carelessness, extravagance, procrastination and general incompetence of De la Gardie and his high aristocratic colleagues. In 1675 a See also:special See also:commission was appointed to inquire into their conduct, and on the 27th of May 1682 it decided that the regents and the See also:senate were solely responsible for dilapidations of the See also:realm, the See also:compensation due by them to the crown being assessed at 4,000,000 daler or £500,000. De la Gardie was treated with relative leniency, but he " received permission to retire to his estates for the See also:rest of his life " and died there in See also:comparative poverty, a See also:mere See also:shadow of his former magnificent self. The best sides of his character were his brilliant social gifts and his intense devotion to literature and art.
See See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin Veibull, Sveriges Storhetstid (Stockholm, 1881); Sv. Hist. iv.; See also:Robert Nisbet See also:Bain, Scandinavia (See also:Cambridge, 1905).
(R. N.
End of Article: DELACROIX, FERDINAND VICTOR EUGENE (1798-1863)
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