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FONTAINEBLEAU , a See also: town of See also:northern See also:France, See also:capital of an See also:arrondissement in the See also:department of See also:Seine-et-See also:Marne, 37 M. S.E. of See also:Paris on the railway to See also:Lyons. Pop. (Igoe) 11,1o8. Fontainebleau, a town of clean, wide and well-built streets, stands in the midst of the See also:forest of Fontainebleau, nearly 2 M. from the See also:left See also:bank of the Seine. Of its old houses, the See also:Tambour See also:mansion, and a portion of that which belonged to the See also:cardinal of See also:Ferrara, both of the 16th See also:century, are still preserved; apart from the See also:palace, the public buildings are without See also:interest. A statue of See also:General Damesme (d. 1848) stands in the See also:principal square, and a See also:monument to See also:President See also:Carnot was erected in 1895. Fontainebleau is the seat of a subprefect and has a tribunal of first instance and a communal See also:college. The school of See also:practical See also:artillery and See also:engineering was transferred to Fontainebleau from See also:Metz by a See also:decree of 1871, and now occupies the See also:part of the palace surrounding the cour See also:des offices.
Fontainebleau has quarries of See also:sand and See also:sandstone, saw-See also:mills, and manufactories of See also:porcelain and gloves. See also:Fine grapes are grown in the vicinity. The town is a fashionable summer resort, and during the See also: season the president of the See also:Republic frequently resides in the palace. This famous See also:building, one of the largest, and in the interior one of the most sumptuous, of the royal residences of France, lies immediately to the See also:south-See also:east of the town. It consists of a See also:series of courts surrounded by buildings, extending from W. to E.N.E.; they comprise the Cour du Cheval See also:Blanc or des Adieux (thus named in memory of the parting See also:scene between See also:Napoleon and the Old Guard in 1814), the Cour de la See also:Fontaine, the Cour Ovale, built on the site of a more See also:ancient See also:chateau, and the Cour d' See also:Henri IV.: the smaller Cour des Princes adjoins the northern wing of the Cour Ovale. The exact origin of the palace and of its name (See also:Lat. Bons Bleaudi) are equally unknown, but the older chateau was used in the latter part of the 12th century by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis VII., who caused See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Becket to consecrate the Chapelle St Saturnin, and it continued a favourite See also:residence of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Augustus and Louis IX. The creator of the See also:present edifice was See also:Francis I., under whom the architect Gilles le See also:Breton erected most of the buildings of the Cour Ovale, including the See also:Porte Doi-6e, its See also:southern entrance, and the Salle des Fetes, which, in the reign of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II., was decorated by the Italians, See also:Francesco Primaticcio and Nicolo dell' Abbate, and is perhaps the finest See also:Renaissance chamber in France. The Galerie de See also:Francois I. and the See also:lower See also:storey of the left wing of the Cour de la Fontaine are the See also:work of the same architect, who also rebuilt the two-storeyed Chapelle St Saturnin. In the same reign the Cour du Cheval Blanc, including the Chapelle de la Ste Trinite and the Galerie d'Ulysse, destroyed and rebuilt under Louis XV., was constructed by See also:Pierre Chambiges. After Francis I., Fontainebleau owes most to Henry IV., to whom are due the Cour d' Henri IV., the Cour des Princes, with the adjoining Galerie de Diane, and Galerie des Cerfs, used as a library. Louis XIII. built the graceful horseshoe See also:staircase in the Cour du Cheval Blanc; Napoleon I. spent 12,000,000 francs
on See also:works of restoration, and Louis XVIII., Louis Philippe and Napoleon III. devoted considerable sums to the same end. The palace is surrounded by gardens and ornamental waters—to the See also:north the Jardin de 1'Orangerie, to the south the Jardin Anglais and the See also:Parterre, between which extends the See also:lake known as the Bassin des Carpes, containing See also:carp in large See also:numbers. A space of over 200 acres to the east of the palace is covered by the See also:park, which is traversed by a See also:canal dating from the reign of Henry IV. On the north the park is bordered by a vinery producing fine
See also: - WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white grapes.
Forest of Fontainebleau.—The forest of Fontainebleau is one
of the most beautiful wooded tracts in France, and for generations it has been the chosen haunt of See also:French landscape painters. Among the most celebrated spots are the Vallee de la Solle, the See also:Gorge aux Loups, the See also:Gorges de Franchard and d'Apremont, and the Fort l'Empereur. The whole See also:area extends to 42,200 acres, with a circumference of 56 m. Nearly a See also:quarter of this area is of a rocky nature, and the quarries of sandstone supplied a large part of the paving of Paris. The See also:oak, See also:pine, See also:beech, See also:horn-See also:beam and See also:birch are'the See also:chief varieties of trees.
It is impossible to do more than mention a few of the See also:historical events which have taken See also:place at Fontainebleau. Philip the See also:Fair, Henry III. and Louis XIII. were all See also:born in the palace, and the first of these See also:kings died there. See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James V. of See also:Scotland was there received by his intended See also:- BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)
bride; and See also:Charles V. of
See also:Germany was entertained there in 1539. See also:Christina of See also:Sweden lived there for years, and the See also:gallery is still to be seen where in
1657 she caused her secretary Monaldeschi to be put to See also:death. In 1685 Fontainebleau saw the See also:signing of the revocation of the See also:edict of See also:Nantes, and in the following See also:year the death of the See also:great See also:Conde. In the 18th century it had two illustrious guests in See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter the Great of See also:Russia and See also:Christian VII. of See also:Denmark; and in the See also:early part of the 19th century it was twice the residence of See also:Pius VII. in 1804 when he came to consecrate the See also:emperor Napoleon, and in 1812-1814, when he was his prisoner.
See Pfnor, Monographie de Fontainebleau, with See also: text by See also:Champollion See also:Figeac (Paris, 1866) ; See also:Guide artistique et historique au palais de Fontainebleau (Paris, 1889) ; E. See also:Bourges, Recherches sur Fontainebleau (Fontainebleau, 1896).
End of Article: FONTAINEBLEAU
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