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DROITWICH

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 589 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DROITWICH , a See also:

market See also:town and municipal See also:borough in the Droitwich See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Worcestershire, See also:England, 51 in. N.N.E. of See also:Worcester, and 126 m. N.W. by W. from See also:London by the See also:Great Western railway. Pop. (1901) 4201. It is served by the See also:Bristol-See also:Birmingham See also:line of the Midland railway, and by the Worcester-See also:Shrewsbury line of the Great Western. It stands on the See also:river Salwarpe, an eastern tributary of the See also:Severn. There is connexion with the Severn by See also:canal. There are three See also:parish churches, St See also:Andrew, St See also:Peter and St See also:Michael, of which the two first are See also:fine old buildings in mixed styles, while St Michael's is See also:modern. The See also:principal occupation is the manufacture of the See also:salt obtained from the brine springs or wyches, to which the town probably owes both its name and its origin. The springs also give Droitwich a considerable reputation as a See also:health resort. There are Royal Brine See also:baths, supplied with See also:water of extreme saltness, St Andrew's baths, and a private See also:bath See also:hospital.

The water is used in cases of See also:

gout, See also:rheumatism and kindred diseases. Owing to the pumping of the brine for the salt-See also:works there is a continual subsidence of the ground, detrimental to the buildings, and new houses are mostly built in the suburbs. In the pleasant well-wooded See also:district surrounding Droitwich the most noteworthy points are Hindlip See also:Hall, 3 M. S., where (in a former See also:mansion) some of the conspirators in the See also:Gunpowder See also:Plot defied See also:search for eight days (16o5); and Westwood, a fine hall of Elizabethan and Carolean date on the site of a See also:Benedictine nunnery, a mile See also:west of Droitwich, which offered a See also:retreat to many Royalist cavaliers and churchmen during the See also:Commonwealth. Droitwich is governed by a See also:mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. See also:Area, 1856 acres. A See also:Roman See also:villa, with various See also:relics, has been discovered here, but it is doubtful how far the See also:Romans made use of the brine springs. Droitwich (Wic, Salturic, With) probably owed its origin to the springs, which are mentioned in several charters before the See also:Conquest. At the See also:time of the Domesday Survey all the salt springs belonged to the See also:king, who received from them a yearly See also:farm of £65, but the See also:manor was divided between several churches and tenants-in-See also:chief. The burgesses of Droitwich are mentioned in the Domesday Survey, but they probably only had certain franchises in connexion with the salt See also:trade. The town is first called a borough in the See also:pipe See also:roll of 2 See also:Henry II., when an aid of 20S. was paid, but the burgesses did not receive their first See also:charter until 1215, when King See also:John granted them freedom from See also:toll throughout the See also:kingdom and the See also:privilege of holding the town at a See also:fee-farm of £loo. The burgesses appear to have had much difficulty in paying this large farm; in 1227 the king pardoned twenty-eight marks of the See also:thirty-two due as See also:tallage, while in 1237 they were £23 in arrears for the farm.

They continued, however, to pay the farm until the See also:

payment gradually lapsed in the 18th See also:century. In See also:medieval times Droitwich was governed by two bailiffs and twelve jurats, the former being elected every See also:year by the burgesses; See also:Queen See also:Mary granted the See also:incorporation charter in 1554 under the name of the bailiffs and burgesses. See also:James I. in 1625 granted another and See also:fuller charter, which remained the governing charter until the Municipal Reform See also:Act. King John's charter granted the burgesses a See also:fair on the feast of SS. Andrew and See also:Nicholas lasting for eight days, but See also:Edward III. in 1330 granted instead two fairs on the See also:vigil and See also:day of St See also:Thomas the See also:Martyr and the vigil and day of SS. See also:Simon and See also:Jude. Queen Mary granted three new fairs, and James I. changed the market day from See also:Monday to See also:Friday.

End of Article: DROITWICH

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