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FALLMERAYER, JAKOB PHILIPP (1790–1861)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 155 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FALLMERAYER, See also:JAKOB PHILIPP (1790–1861) , See also:German traveller and See also:historical investigator, best known for his opinions in regard to the See also:ethnology of the See also:modern Greeks, was See also:born, the son of a poor See also:peasant, at Tschotsch, near See also:Brixen in See also:Tirol, on the loth of See also:December 1790. In 1809 he absconded from the See also:cathedral See also:choir school at Brixen and made his way to See also:Salzburg, where he supported himself by private teaching while he studied See also:theology, the Semitic See also:languages, and See also:history. After a See also:year's study he sought to assure to himself the See also:peace and quiet necessary for a student's See also:life by entering the See also:abbey of Kremsmunster, but difficulties put in his way by the Bavarian officials prevented the accomplishment of this intention. At the university of See also:Landshut, to which he removed in 1812, he first applied himself to See also:jurisprudence, but soon devoted his See also:attention exclusively to history and See also:philology. His immediate necessities were provided for by a See also:rich See also:patron. During the See also:Napoleonic See also:wars he joined the Bavarian See also:infantry as a subaltern in 1813, fought at See also:Hanau (3oth See also:October 1813), and served throughout the See also:campaign in See also:France. He remained in the See also:army of occupation on the See also:banks of the See also:Rhine until See also:Waterloo, when he spent six months at See also:Orleans as See also:adjutant to See also:General von Spreti. Twa years of See also:garrison life at See also:Lindau on See also:Lake See also:Constance after the peace were spent in the study of modern See also:Greek, See also:Persian and See also:Turkish. Resigning his See also:commission in 1818, he was successively engaged as teacher in the gymnasium at See also:Augsburg and in the See also:pro-gymnasium and See also:lyceum at Landshut. In 1827 he won the See also:gold See also:medal offered by the university of See also:Copenhagen with his Geschichte See also:des Kaisertums von 7'rapezunt, based on patient investigation of Greek and See also:oriental See also:MSS. at See also:Venice and See also:Vienna. The strictures on priestcraft contained in the See also:preface to this See also:book gave offence to the authorities, and his position was not improved by the liberal views expressed in his Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea tad/trend des Mittelalters (See also:Stuttgart, 183o–1836, 2 pts.). The three years from 1831 to 1$34 he spent in travel with the See also:Russian See also:count Ostermann See also:Tolstoy, visiting See also:Egypt, See also:Palestine, See also:Syria, See also:Cyprus, See also:Rhodes, See also:Constantinople, See also:Greece and See also:Naples.

On his return he was elected in 1835 a member of the Royal Bavarian See also:

Academy of Sciences, but he soon after See also:left the See also:country again on See also:account of See also:political troubles, and spent the greater See also:part of the next four years in travel, spending the See also:winter of 1839–184o with Count Tolstoy at See also:Geneva. Constantinople, See also:Trebizond, See also:Athos, See also:Macedonia, See also:Thessaly and Greece were visited by him during 184o–1841; and after some years' See also:residence in See also:Munich he returned in 1847 to the See also:East, and travelled in Palestine, Syria and See also:Asia See also:Minor. The authorities continued to regard him with suspicion, and university students were forbidden to attend the lectures he delivered at Munich. He entered, however, into friendly relations with the See also:crown See also:prince See also:Maximilian, but this intimacy was destroyed by the events following on 1848. At that See also:period he was appointed See also:professor of history in the Munich University, and made a member of the See also:national See also:congress at See also:Frankfort-on-See also:Main. He there joined the left or oppositionparty, and in the following year he accompanied the rump-See also:parliament to Stuttgart, a course of See also:action which led to his See also:expulsion from his professorate. During the winter of 1849–185o he was an See also:exile in See also:Switzerland, but the See also:amnesty of See also:April 185o enabled him to return to Munich. He died on the 26th of April 1861. His contributions to the See also:medieval history of Greece are of See also:great value, and though his theory that the Greeks of the See also:present See also:day are of Albanian and Slav descent, with hardly a drop of true Greek See also:blood in their See also:veins, has not been accepted in its entirety by other investigators, it has served to 'modify the opinions of even his greatest opponents. A See also:criticism of his views will be found in Hopf's Geschichte Griechenlands (reprinted from See also:Ersch and See also:Gruber's Encykl.) and in See also:Finlay's History of Greece in the See also:Middle Ages. Another theory which he propounded and defended with great vigour was that the See also:capture of Constantinople by See also:Russia was inevitable, and would See also:lead to the absorption by the Russian See also:empire of the whole of the See also:Balkan and Grecian See also:peninsula; and that this extended empire would constitute a See also:standing menace to the western Germanic nations. These views he expressed in a See also:series of brilliant articles in German See also:journals.

His most important contribution to learning remains his history of the empire of Trebizond. See also:

Prior to his See also:discovery of the See also:chronicle of See also:Michael Panaretos, covering the dominion of Alexus See also:Comnenus and his successors from 1204 to 1426, the history of this medieval empire was practically unknown. His See also:works are—Geschichte des Kaiserthums Trapezunt (Munich, 1827-1848) ; Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea See also:im Mittelalter (Stuttgart, 1830-1836) ; Ober See also:die Entstehung der Neugriechen (Stuttgart, 1835) ; Originalfragmente, Chroniken, u.s.w., zur Geschichte des K. Trapezunts " (Munich, 1843), in Abhandl. der Kist. Classe der K. Bayerisch. Akad. v. Wiss. ; Fragmente aus dem Orient (Stuttgart, 1845); Denkschrift fiber Golgotha and das heilige Grab (Munich, 1852), and Das Todte See also:Meer (1853)—both of which had appeared in the Abhandlungen of the Academy; Das albanesische See also:Element in Griechenland, iii. parts, in the Abhandl. for '86o-1866. After his See also:death there appeared at See also:Leipzig in 1861, under the editorship of G. M. See also:Thomas, three volumes of Gesammelte Werke, containing Neue Fragmente aus dem Orient, Kritische Versuche, and Studien and Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben.

A See also:

sketch of his life will also be found in L. Steub, Herbskage in Tyrol (Munich, 1867).

End of Article: FALLMERAYER, JAKOB PHILIPP (1790–1861)

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