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MACAIRE

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 191 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MACAIRE , a See also:

French chanson de geste. Macaire (12th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century) and La reine Sibille (14th century) are two versions of the See also:

story of the false See also:

ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation brought against the See also:

queen of See also:

Charlemagne, called Blanchefleur in Macaire and Sibille in the later poem. Macaire is only preserved in the Franco-Venetian geste of Charlemagne (Bibl. St See also:

Mark MS. fr. xiii.). La Reine Sibille only exists in fragments, but the See also:

TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

tale is given in the See also:

CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

chronicle of Alberic Trium Fontium and in a See also:

PROSE

prose version. Macaire is the product of the See also:

FUSION

fusion of two legends: that of the unjustly repudiated wife and that of the See also:

dog who detects the murderer of his See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master. For the former See also:

MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive see See also:

GENEVIEVE, or GENOVEFA, ST (c. 422-512)

GENEVIEVE of See also:

BRABANT. The second is found in See also:

Plutarch, Script. moral., ed. See also:

DIDOT

Didot ii. (1186), where a dog, like Aubri's See also:

HOUND

hound, stayed three days without See also:

food by the See also:

BODY

body of its master, and subsequently attacked the murderers, thus leading to their See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery. The See also:

DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel between Macaire and the clog is paralleled by an See also:

INTERPOLATION (from Lat. interpolare, to alter, or insert something fresh, connected with pollee, a polish)

interpolation by Giraldus Cambrensis in a MS. of the Hexameron of See also:

SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint See also:

Ambrose. Aubri's hound received the name of the " dog of See also:

MONTARGIS

Montargis," because a See also:

REPRESENTATION

representation of the story was painted on a See also:

CHIMNEY (through the Fr. cheminee, from caminata, sc. camera, a Lat. derivative of caminus, an oven or furnace)

chimney-piece in the See also:

CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of Montargis in the 15th century.

The tale was See also:

early divorced from Carolingian tradition, and See also:

JEAN

Jean de la See also:

TAILLE (from Fr. tailler, to cut or divide; late Lat. taliare, said to come from talia, talea)

Taille, in his Discours notable See also:

des duels (See also:

Paris, 1607), places the incident under See also:

Charles V. See Macaire (Paris, x866), ed. Guessard in the See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Anc. oetes de la See also:

France ; P. Paris in Hist. litt. de la France, vol. See also:

XXIII

xxiii. (1873) ; L. See also:

Gautier, Epopees francaises, vol. iii. (2nd ed., 188o) ; G. Paris, Hist. poet. de Charlemagne (1865); M. J. G. Isola, Storie nerbonesi, vol. i. (See also:

Bologna, 1877) ; F.

See also:

Wolf, Ober See also:

die beiden . . . Volksbucher von der K. Sibille u. Huon de See also:

BORDEAUX

Bordeaux (See also:

Vienna, 1857) and Uber die neuesten Leistungen der Franzosen (Vienna, 1833). The Dog of Montargis; or, The See also:

FOREST

Forest of Bondy, imitated from the See also:

PLAY

play of G. de Pixerecourt, was played at ovent See also:

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden (See also:

SEPT

Sept. 3o, 1814). " See also:

Robert Macaire " was the name given to the See also:

MODERN

modern villain in the Auberge des Adrets (1823), a See also:

MELODRAMA (a coined word from Gr. µEXos, music, and Spaµa, action)

melodrama in which See also:

Frederick lies in a secluded spot to the See also:

north of the See also:

TOWN

town, which has been partly See also:

LEFT

left in its native wildness strewn with huge See also:

GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite boulders and partly transformed into a See also:

FINE

fine botanical garden. During the See also:

south-See also:

west (summer) See also:

monsoon See also:

GREAT

great quantities (67 in.) of See also:

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain fall, especially in See also:

JULY

July and See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August. The mean temperature is 74.3° F.; in July, the hottest See also:

month, the temperature is 84.2°; in See also:

FEBRUARY

February, the coldest, it is 59°. On the whole the See also:

CLIMATE

climate is moist. Hurricanes are frequent.

Of the Portuguese inhabitants more than three-fourths are natives of See also:

MACAO (A-Ma-ngao, " Harbour of the goddess A-Ma "; Port. Macau)

Macao—a See also:

RACE

race very inferior in point of physique to their See also:

EUROPEAN

European ancestors. Macao is connected with Hong-See also:

KONG

Kong by a daily steamer. Being open to the south-west See also:

sea breezes, it is a favourite See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of resort from the oppressive See also:

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat of Hong-Kong. It is ruled by a See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, and, along with See also:

Timor (See also:

East Indies), constitutes a bishopric, to which belong also the Portuguese Christians in Malacca and See also:

SINGAPORE (Malay, Singapiira, i.e. " The City of the Lion")

Singapore. Though most of the See also:

LAND

land is under garden cultivation, the See also:

mass of the See also:

PEOPLE

people is dependent more or less directly on See also:

MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile pursuits; for, while the exclusive policy both of See also:

CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese and Portuguese which prevented Macao becoming a See also:

FREE

free See also:

PORT

port till 1845–1846 allowed what was once the great See also:

EMPORIUM (a Latin adaptation of the Gr. Eµabpuov, from f)

emporium of European See also:

commerce in eastern See also:

ASIA

Asia to be outstripped by its younger and more liberal rivals, the See also:

LOCAL

local, though not the See also:

FOREIGN

foreign, See also:

trade of the place is still of very considerable extent. Since the See also:

MIDDLE

middle of the 19th century, indeed, much of it has run in the most questionable channels; the nefarious See also:

COOLIE

coolie See also:

TRAFFIC

traffic gradually increased in extent and in See also:

CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty from about 1848 till it was prohibited in 1874, and much of the actual trade is more or less of the nature of See also:

SMUGGLING

smuggling. The commodities otherwise mostly dealt in are See also:

OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium, See also:

TEA (Chinese cha, Amoy dialect t€)

tea, See also:

rice, oil, raw See also:

cotton, See also:

fish and See also:

SILK

silk. The See also:

TOTAL

total value of exports and imports was in 1876–1877 upwards of £1,536,000. In 188o it had increased to 2,259,250, and in 1898 to £3,771,6,5. Commercial intercourse is most intimate with Hong-Kong, See also:

Canton, See also:

BATAVIA

Batavia and See also:

Goa. The preparation and packing of tea is the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry in the town. In fishing a large number of boats and men are employed.

In 1557 the Portuguese were permitted to erect factories on the See also:

peninsula, and in 1573 the Chinese built across the See also:

ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus the See also:

wall which still cuts off the See also:

BARBARIAN (Gr. fap/3apos)

barbarian from the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the See also:

ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island. Jesuit missionaries established themselves on the spot; and in 158o See also:

Gregory XIIL constituted a bishopric of Macao. A See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate was organized in 1583, and in 1628 Jeronimo de Silveira became first royal governor of Macao. Still the Portuguese remained largely under the See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of the Chinese, who had never surrendered their territorial rights and maintained their authority by means of mandarins—these insisting that even European criminals should be placed in their hands. See also:

FERREIRA, ANTONIO (1528–1569)

Ferreira do Amaral, the Portuguese governor, put an end to this See also:

state of things in 1849, and left the Chinese officials no more authority in the peninsula than the representatives of other foreign nations; and, though his antagonists procured his assassination (Aug. 22), his successors succeeded in carrying out his policy. Although Macao is de facto a colonial See also:

possession of See also:

PORTUGAL

Portugal, the Chinese See also:

government persistently refused to recognize the claim of the Portuguese to territorial rights, alleging that they were merely lessees or tenants at will, and until 1849 the Portuguese paid to the Chinese an See also:

ANNUAL

annual See also:

RENT

rent of £71 per annum. This See also:

DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic difficulty prevented the conclusion of a commercial treaty between See also:

CHINA

China and Portugal for a See also:

long See also:

time, but an arrangement for a treaty was come to in 1887 on the following basis: (1) China confirmed perpetual occupation and government of Macao and its dependencies by Portugal; (2) Portugal engaged never to alienate Macao and its dependencies without the consent of China; (3) Portugal engaged to co-operate in opium See also:

revenue See also:

WORK

work at Macao in the same way as Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain at Hong-Kong. The formal treaty was signed in the same See also:

YEAR

year, and arrangements were made whereby the Chinese imperial customs were able to collect duties on vessels trading with Macao in the same way as they had already arranged for their collection at the See also:

BRITISH

British See also:

COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of Hong-Kong. For a See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time in 1802, and again in ,8o8, Macao was occupied by the See also:

ENGLISH

English as a precaution against seizure by the French. See also:

LEMAITRE, FRANCOIS ELIE JULES (1853— )

Lemaitre made his reputation. The type was sensibly modified in Robert Macaire (1834), a sequel written by Lemaitre in collaboration with See also:

Benjamin Antier, and well-known on the English See also:

STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage as Macaire.

R. L. See also:

Stevenson and W. E. See also:

Henley used the same type in their play Macaire.

End of Article: MACAIRE

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